02 Contents Frame
Perceptions, status and fashion
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40 2019 ND-CP 413905
- Điều hướng trang này:
- Political and policy factors
| Perceptions, status and fashion
Although the perceptions of potential users may limit the adoption of new technologies, many researchers and developers of the technologies are not familiar with the users’ perceptions. These may be related to religious beliefs, status, peer pressure, fashion, or general ideas of what is appropriate. They might appear trivial to outsiders, but have an overriding influence on the recipients of technology, determining whether such technologies are used or not. Although people may come to accept currently ‘culturally unsuitable’ technologies in time, this can be a slow process. Political and policy factors Although land use choices are generally made locally, often they are strongly influenced by commitments and policies made at government or international levels. Changes in political, institutional and economic conditions may cause rapid changes in the rate or direction of land use changes. Considering political factors raises questions about the relationships between individual decision-makers, decision-making groups and nested hierarchical (and perhaps spatial) structures, and about rates of change. Institutions and rules may evolve at a different rate from that that of human learning and evolution of decision-making. Thus there is a challenge of studying both fast and slow processes and of determining whether individual decision-makers perceive rules and institutions as fixed or as evolutionary. The relationships between policies and land management are strong and manifold. In general, agricultural policy aims at benefiting from gains of market orientation and open trade, while simultaneously addressing a broad range of domestic issues, including farm household incomes, the environment, food security, food safety and the viability of rural areas. According to OECD (2002), agricultural policies can be divided into two categories: those concerned with equity or distributional issues, and those designed to correct market failures. Equity-oriented policies are primarily concerned with farm Land evaluation – towards a revised framework 18 household income; the society-centred policies include environmental issues, rural amenities, food safety and food security where private markets alone may not produce socially desirable outcomes. Land is regarded as a non-renewable resource and its conservation is a key objective of many environmental policies. Land use influences the quality of the other environmental resources: water, nature and air. Spatial planning policies determine the uses of land and can be powerful tools towards sustainable development. Conversely, the absence of a spatial planning policy often proves to be detrimental to land resources and the environment. tải về 0.57 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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