02 Contents Frame
Limiting factors (limitations)
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40 2019 ND-CP 413905
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- Institutions
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Limiting factors (limitations) A wide range of limiting factors, physical, economic and social, can restrict suitability of the land for different kinds of use. (The Framework referred to physical limiting factors as limitations.) In the procedures set out in the Framework it was the physical limiting factors –arising from climate, hydrology, landforms, soils and vegetation– which were primarily employed. Diagnostic criteria based mainly on physical land qualities or characteristics were taken as the basis for evaluation, and critical values of these determined the boundaries of suitability classes. For example, calculated values within one of the models employed to predict soil erosion could be taken as critical values of suitability classes for land utilization types based on arable cultivation. Since they are well established, it is not necessary to elaborate on physical limiting factors here. However, the Framework was less explicit in its treatment of socio- economic conditions as limiting factors, which could lead to these being assigned a generalized or background role. The present view is to assign essentially equal weights to physical and socio-economic limiting factors, and to integrate these more closely during the evaluation. A more detailed discussion of the economic, social and political factors that may affect land suitability for particular kinds of use is therefore appropriate. Institutions Institutions include legal structures, customary rules, property rights, implicit or explicit contracts, formal or informal groups or associations such as credit and savings groups or purchasing or joint sales groups, and governance systems. These define the framework in which factors of production are utilized and developed. A classic example of inefficient persistence of institutions has been the land reforms in many developing countries. Empirical evidence, however, always suggested that economies of scale in farm production are insignificant (except in some plantation crops) and the small family farm is often the most efficient unit of production (Bardhan 2001). tải về 0.57 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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