02 Contents Frame
Agricultural biodiversity
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40 2019 ND-CP 413905
| Agricultural biodiversity
In developing countries sustainable agricultural food production and security requires the introduction of the agricultural biodiversity concept. International organizations, supporting the Convention on Biological Diversity, recognize that agricultural biodiversity is essential for global food production, livelihood security and sustainable agricultural development. Agricultural biodiversity encompasses the variety and variability of animals, plants and micro-organisms that sustain key functions of the agro-ecosystem, its structure and processes for, and in support of, food production and food security (FAO 1999b). During the last three decades the understanding of agricultural biodiversity has developed from the recognition of the importance of genetic diversity. This coincided with the introduction of the sustainable agriculture and rural development concept, and the need to integrate environmental and production goals. Several organizations, such as the World Conservation Union (IUCN), have developed policies and programmes for integrating nature conservation with agriculture since the early 1970s, especially in Western Europe. This development of ideas culminated in the Earth Summit (UNCED) in 1992. Subsequently, the Commission for Plant Genetic Resources (CPGR) was renamed the Commission for Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) in order to reflect its expanded mandate to include forest, animal, fish and other genetic resources, including bacteria and soil biota essential for food and agriculture. Even though the commission still has a genetic and species scope, the focus now is on developing the agro-ecosystem approach. There is need for an integrated and holistic approach, linking the genetics of species to the farm and the agro-ecosystem. Agricultural biodiversity is a prerequisite for a sustainable agro-ecosystem as it promotes sustainable production of agricultural products at all types and levels of intensity; enhances biological resources that support sustainable production; and supports ecological and social services linked with environmental protection. |