Theme 1: phonetics

Examples:

(+) By the end of 1999, Tom had lived in Hanoi for 5 years.

(-) We had not done anything about it before the problem was solved.

(?) Had you finished all the work before you left the office? Yes, I had./ No, I hadn’t.

* Why hadn’t you finished your homework before you went to bed?

(+) S + had + V(past participle) (-) S + had not (hadn’t)+ V(past participle). (?) Had + S + V(past participle)? * Wh- + had + S + V(past participle)?

2.1. The Past Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening before a specific point of time in the past.

Eg: He had worked in that company for 5 years before 1995.

They had left before 5 o’clock.

2.2. The Past Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening before a past action.

Eg: She had known the news before I told her about it.

The train had gone when we arrived the station.

2.3. The Past Perfect Tense is used in conditional sentences type 3 in if clauses.

Eg: If I had known that she was in hospital, I would have come to visit her.

If you had worked hard, you would have passed the examination.