Prepositions Running head: prepositions
Literature Review Prepositions in English
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Literature ReviewPrepositions in EnglishDefinitionAccording to Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, a preposition “is a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method”. Another definition is that a preposition “may be defined as connecting word showing the relation of a noun or a noun substitute to some other words in the sentence (the squirrel in the tree; the preposition in shows the relationship between the squirrel and the tree.)” (“Prepositions: definition and usage”, n.d). From these definitions, we can come to a conclusion about the function of a preposition which is it is used to connect nouns and noun structures with other structures in a sentence. Prepositions that we often use in everyday life are: with, at, by, to, in, for, from, of, on. It is estimated that these prepositions make up for ninety percent of preposition usage. The part following a preposition is called its object. The object of a preposition can be a noun, a pronoun, a gerund or a noun clause. For example, we have: a noun: We gave a present to our secretaries.
a gerund: We thought about giving a present to them. a noun clause: We thought about giving a present to whoever worked for us. (Lougheed, n.d) FormPrepositions are often in one-word form; however, there are also other prepositions with more than one word. They are made up with two or three words. For example, we have on behalf of, in front of, in accordance with, in line with, in relation to and so on. Another form is called prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases are groups of words that begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. Some phrases are used commonly and in a number of situations such as “acting as an adjective or an adverb, locating something in time and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under what conditions something happened.” (“Prepositions: Locator in time and place”, n.d). Examples of these prepositional phrases are out of work, at any rate, by means of, in person, under orders, from now on and so forth. Besides, there are some called marginal prepositions which are verbal in forms, such as concerning, considering, including, pending and more. UsagePrepositions are used with a lot of functions including time, location, manner, means, quantity, purpose, and state or condition. Regarding to prepositions of time, there are some prepositions like at, on, in, from, since, for, during, to, till/until, after, afterwards, by.before and so forth. For example, we have: at six o’clock, on Monday or in the evening. Another usage of prepositions is to show location. Some belong to this category are in,at,on,next to,beside, behind,in front of,opposite,near,on top of,under,above and so on. For example, Jone lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham, She lives in Durham or Mary is sitting next to me. Prepositions of movement include: from,to,at,into,out of,towards,on,onto,across,through,around,along,up. For instance, he ran out of the room or Mary run towards the walls. Other usages are listed below. Means or agent: by: He was hit by a ball. from: His success results from careful planning . in: He takes pleasure in it. on: They live on bread and water. with: He chased the mongoose with a stick. Manner:
by: By doing it yourself in: He left in confusion. like: He looks like a hero. on: I swear it on my word of honor. with: He ate it with a fork. State or condition: at: My friend is at work. by: They are by themselves in: He is in a state of confusion on: He is on duty (scheduled to work). for: I mistook you for someone else. as: I see her as a good person . Quantity or mesure: for: We drove for twenty miles. by: We bought them by the kilo Purpose:
for: He bought it for an emergency. She went to the city for sightseeing. He loved her for her thoughtfulness. (“Prepositions: definition and usage”, n.d) Каталог: ed -> CA2010 CA2010 -> English and vietnamese chat language CA2010 -> Contrastive analysis of affix in english and vietnamese CA2010 -> Affixation in English and Vietnamese Running head: affixation in english and vietnamese CA2010 -> A contrastive Analysis of Passive Voice in English and Vietnamese CA2010 -> English department CA2010 -> Compound nouns in Vietnamese and English commercial texts CA2010 -> Indirect speech in english and vietnamese: A tải về 40.45 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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