CONtENts
xiv
Bulk-Breaking 187
Spatial Convenience 188
Waiting and Delivery Time 188
Product Variety 189
Customer Service 190
Retail Channels
192
Internet Retail Channels 192
Direct Selling Channels 194
Hybrid Retail Channels 196
Retailer
Power and Its Effects 199
Effects of Forward Buying 201
Effects of Slotting Allowances 203
Effects of Failure Fees 203
Effects of Private Branding 203
Retailing Structures and Strategies
206
Take-Aways
206
CHAPTER 7
Wholesaling Structures and Strategies
217
Learning Objectives
217
Introduction
217
What Is a Wholesaler? 217
How Are Wholesalers Different from Distributors? 218
The Wholesaler-Distributor Landscape
220
Master Distributors 221
Other Supply Chain Participants 223
Wholesaling Strategies
224
A Historical Perspective on Wholesaling Strategy 225
Wholesaling Value-Added Strategies 227
Alliance-Based Wholesaling Strategies 228
Wholesaler-Led
Initiatives 228
Manufacturer-Led Initiatives
229
Retailer-Sponsored Cooperatives
230
CONtENts
xv
Consolidation Strategies in Wholesaling 235
Adapting
to Trends in Wholesaling 237
International Expansion 237
Omni-Channels 237
B2B Online Exchanges 241
Online Reverse Auctions 242
Fee for Services 243
Vertical Integration of Manufacturing into Wholesaling
244
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