Thì
Dạng
| PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện Tại hoàn thành)
| PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)
| Khẳng định |
S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp
|
S + had + V-ed/Vpp
|
Phủ định
|
S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp
|
S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
|
Nghi vấn
|
Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …?
|
Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…?
|
Bị động
|
…has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp…
|
…had been + V-ed/Vpp…
| Nhận biết |
- just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now, from then
|
- after + (past perfect), (simple past)
- before + (simple past), (past perfect)
- by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp
|
Thì
Dạng
| SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương Lai đơn)
| FUTURE PERFECT
(Tương Lai hoàn thành)
| Khẳng định |
S + will + V (inf)
|
S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp
|
Phủ định
|
S + won’t + V (inf)
|
S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp
|
Nghi vấn
|
Will + S + V (inf)…?
|
Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp…?
|
Bị động
|
…will be + V-ed/Vpp…
|
…will be + V-ed/Vpp…
| Nhận biết |
- tomorrow
- next… : next week, next Monday
- in the future
|
- by the end of this month
- by + (time in the future)
|
Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V):
* S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
* Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present
* (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student.
* S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report.
* Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money.
* Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room.
PRACTICE
Exercise 1. Choose the most correct answer:
-
I _______this film twice.
A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen
-
–Peter, please help me do the washing up. – Sorry, Mum. I ______ TV.
A. watch B. am watching C. had watched D. watched
-
The farmers _____ in the field now.
A. were working B. have worked C. worked D. are working
-
The war _____ out three years ago.
A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking
-
He ______ a cup of coffee every morning.
A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking D. has drunk
-
She ______ a lot of new books.
A. had just bought B. has just bought C. buys D. bought
-
Up to the present, Nam_____ good work in his class.
A. does B. has done C. had done D. did
-
At present, that author ______ a historical novel.
A. is writing B. was writing C. has written D. had written
-
By next month, I _____ my first novel.
A. will finish B. am going to finish C. finish D. will have finished
-
Phong ______ at the university so far.
A. had worked B. was working C. worked D. has worked
-
How long _____ able to drive? – since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you
-
They ______ since eight o’clock.
A. are talking B. have been talking C. talked D. talk
-
My brother _______ in the army from 1990 to 1995.
A. served B. has served C. had served D. is serving
-
At this moment, I _____ that we have a good chance of victory.
A. was feeling B. am feeling C. feel D. had been feeling
-
I _____ the money from him yet.
A. haven’t received B. don’t receive C. will receive D. am receiving
-
This is the most interesting book _____ .
A. I’ve read B. I had read C. I’ve ever readed D. I’ve ever read
-
I ____ him ten days ago.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
-
It ______ a long time since I last saw him.
A. is B. was C. will be D. had been
-
She _____ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s.
A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had worked
-
Mr. John_______ to Los Angeles in 1992.
A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. was going
-
What ______ to you yesterday?
A. happened B. did happen C. had happened D. has happened
-
I never go to Australia. I _____ to Australia yet.
A. will go B. went C. haven’t been D. have been
-
What _____ do at 7:00 tomorrow morning.
A. will you B. shall you C. were you D. did you
-
Why ______ you come yesterday?
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. A and C
-
My mother ______ in this factory since 1990
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked
-
I _____ my hair before breakfast this morning.
A. washed B. had washed C. was washing D. have washed
-
I _____ about him when he suddenly came in.
A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. was talking
-
He will finish this work before you _______ here tomorrow.
A. leave B. will leave C. would leave D. are going to leave
-
Don’t make noise. My mother ______ with her friends.
A. is talking B. was talking C. talks D. talked
-
He _____ in this office for ten years by next Monday.
A. will have been working B. would be working C. will work D. will be working
Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences:
-
(A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping.
-
The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought.
-
(A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year.
-
They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London.
-
They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month.
-
They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them.
-
(A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift.
-
My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât (C)was (D)the best policy.
-
Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to do the (D)following week?
-
(A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left.
-
(A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking?
-
(A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president.
-
The neighbors (A)are having a party. They (B)are making so much noise (C)since 6 o’clock. I (D)can’t sleep.
-
(A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back.
-
I (A)was walking along the pavement(B) when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following me.
-
Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture.
-
Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning.
-
(A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London.
-
Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before.
-
(A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US.
LESSON 4. REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:
1. Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất.
2. Lùi động từ ở mệnh đề 2 về một bậc so với lúc ban đầu.
3. Biến đổi các đại từ, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định.
-
Bảng đổi động từ
|
Direct speech
|
Indirect speech
|
Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn)
Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn)
Present perfect (Progressive)
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Will/Shall
Can/May
|
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Past progressive
Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Would/ Should
Could/ Might
|
-
Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian
|
Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next + Time ( week, month, year….)
Last + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + ago
This, these
Right now
Here, Overhere
|
That day
The day before
Two days before
The next/ the following day
In two days
The following + Time ( week, month, year….)
The previous + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + before
That, those
At once
There, Overthere
|
Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
He said that he had lost his pen that morning.
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
She told him that she would go with him the next day.
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
He said that he would come there to take that book.
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
They told us that we had to do that work at once.
Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:
-
V (tường thuật) +
|
wh- / how…
|
+ S + V
|
if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N)
|
Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father.
= My father asked me what I was doing.
“Have you seen that film?” John asked.
= John wanted to know if I had seen that film.
He asked them “How many children do you have?”
= He asked them how many children they had.
Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
-
Jack asked me _____.
A.where do you come from? B.where I came from
C.where I am from D.where did I come from?
-
She asked me _____ I liked pop music.
A.when B.what C.if D.x
-
The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A.told B.tell C. have told D. are telling
-
I wanted to know_____ return home.
A.when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would
-
Claire told me that her father____ a race horse.
A.owns B.owned C. owning D. A and B
-
What did that man say ______?
A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you
-
I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there.
A. is B. were C. has been D. was
-
The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time.
A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
-
The doctor _______ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
-
The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______ week.
A. ago B. following C. next D. previous
-
Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up.
A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked
-
Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true.
A. admitting that B. was admitted that C. admitted that D. admit that
-
When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day.
A. that B. the C. then D. this
-
I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet.
A. what B. when C. where D. whether
-
Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave.
A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that
-
Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill.
A. are B. were C. was D. should be
-
Ann ______ and left.
A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye
-
I told you ______ to switch off the computer, didn’t I ?
A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
-
Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up.
A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to
-
Sarah was driving to fast, so I ______ to slow down.
A. asked her B. asked C. ask D.have asked her
-
Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway.
A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told
-
Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____.
A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry
-
I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______.
A. giving a hand B. gave a hand C. to give a hand D. give a hand
-
Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London.
A. is B. be C. was D. were
-
When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
-
George couldn’t help me. He ______ me to ask Kate.
A. tell B. said C. told D. say
-
Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A.admitted B. offered C. promised D. suggested
-
I said that I had met her ______ .
A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. the before day.
-
The man asked the boys ______ .
A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting
C. why they fight D.why were they fighting
-
“______the door”, he said.
A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please, opening
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences :
-
“Push as hard as you can” She said to me.
She told me _____________________________________________________________________
-
“Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her.
He told her _____________________________________________________________________
-
“Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai.
Mai asked_______________________________________________________________________
-
Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”.
She ___________________________________________________________________________
-
Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?”
Tom wanted to know_____________________________________________________________
-
He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”.
He asked me___________________________________________________________________
-
Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him.
The doctor advised him ____________________________________________________________
-
“How many students are there in your class?”
The man asked me ________________________________________________________________
-
“Have you seen John recently?” said Ann.
Ann asked me ___________________________________________________________________
10. The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.”
The policeman ordered ____________________________________________________________
11. He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”
He wanted to know _______________________________________________________________
12. He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?”
He told _________________________________________________________________________
13. I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ?
I asked __________________________________________________________________________
14. My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.”
My friend told ____________________________________________________________________
15. Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”
Helen asked Jack __________________________________________________________________
16. 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.'
Jane advised ______________________________________________________________________
17. 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much.
Mike thanked _______________________________________________________________________
18. 'I must. have made a mistake in the calculations.'
Mr Forest admitted __________________________________________________________________
19. 'I'll pay for the meal.'
Sarah insisted _____________________________________________________________________
20.Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'
Neil suggested ____________________________________________________________________
LESON 5. PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
S + [aux] + Vm(động từ chính) + O
S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + [by + O]
Ghi chú : - Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với Vm.
- Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] nếu O là me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone, somebody, people…
-
TENSES
|
ACTIVE
|
PASSIVE
|
1. The simple present ( Hiện tại đơn)
|
S + V (-s /es)
|
S + am/is /are + Vpp
|
2. The present. Continuous (H.tại tiếp diễn)
|
S + am/ is/ are + V-ing
|
S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp
|
3. The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành)
|
S + have/ has + Vpp
|
S + have/ has + been + Vpp
|
4. The simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
|
S + V2/ V-ed
|
S + was/ were + Vpp
|
5. The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
|
S + was/ were + V- ing
|
S + was/ were + being+ Vpp
|
6. The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)
|
S + had + Vpp
|
S + had+ been + Vpp
|
7. The simple future ( tương lai đơn)
|
S + will/ shall + bare-V
|
S + will/ shall + be + Vpp
|
8
|
S + Model + V-bareInf
|
S + Model + be + Vpp
|
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