tất cả rượu này đều được nhập khẩu từ Pháp tất cả

Quantifiers directly precede the head noun that they modify when that head noun is of a noun that does not require an obligatory classifier as in

Some quantifiers in Vietnamese can stand alone when the context is clear such as tất cả, toàn bộ, nhiều, vài, vài ba, dăm bảy as illustrated below.

Hôm nay có mấy hoc sinh nghỉ học ?

Tất cả (học sinh) đi học đầy đủ

Others are preceded with a noun as in “mỗi bức tranh là một kiệt tác.”

6. 
   Measure phrases: are expressions that indicate quantity. Because of the incompatibility between classifiers and mass denoting nouns as in “cái nước” or “con thịt”, the use of measure phrases is necessary in order to measure out the quantity of mass- denoting nouns. The use of measure phrase is illustrated below
   

Both Vietnamese classifiers and measure nouns immediately precede the head noun and follow a numeral. Measure phrases can measure any nouns that have not been already individuated as in giấy- kí giấy or thùng giấy, but once nouns have been individuated by a classifier, it thus cannot be used with a measure phrase as in “kí tờ giấy”. It’s not recognizable in Vietnamese grammar. As a result, measure phrases and classifiers don’t occur in the same syntactic position. They are also different in many other features. Because MPs are phrasal, they can be modified by a possessive phrase or a demonstrative as in (a) or sometimes, a demonstrative phrase may be served as a measure phrase as in (b) By contrast, nothing can intervene between classifier and the head noun as in (c).

(a) cốc này nước

(b) bán cho tôi một chai đầy này rượu

(c) con mèo đen NOT con đen mèo

Furthermore, the use of classifiers is limited because of its incompatibility with the head noun in term of intimacy, human or shape as in cái nhà, con mèo, quả cam

By contrast, there is little restriction with respect to which measure phrase can be used with which noun as in these expressions “kí sắt, kí gạo, kí cam”

As you see, the same measure expression can be used with various nouns regardless shape, countable, uncountable noun.

2. 
   Post-nominal modifiers: the relation between the head noun and the post-modifiers favors to the syntax relation. Noun can have any of the following post-modifiers: NPs, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, relative clauses, demonstrative, or possessive phrases.
   

1. 
   Noun adjuncts: a noun may be modified by a noun adjunct which restricts the meaning of the head noun. In Vietnamese NP, a noun adjunct immediately follows the head noun. As illustrated “Sách văn học”, “mèo mướp”,
   
2. 
   Adjective phrases: A noun can also be modified by an adjective phrase (AP) following it and the adjective may be preceded by an intensifier such as rất, hơi, khá. For example,
   

In case, there is a noun adjunct, the AP must follow the Noun adjunct as in

Quạt [trần] [cũ]

NP- NA- AP

3. 
   Prepositional phrases (PP) Vietnamese grammar accepts the use of prepositional phrases as post modifiers in NPs. In case there is an adjective phrase, a modifying PP obligatorily follows an AP or NA, as in the followings
   

1. 
   Bức tranh mới gần tường.
   
2. 
   Truyện tranh trong phòng
   

4. 
   Relative clauses: are also introduced in a Vietnamese NP as post modifiers. It’s not obligatory to use a connective “mà” before relative clauses as in “cái váy mà tôi mua”
   

In case, PP and relative clause co-occur in a Noun phrase, both PP- RC and RC- PP are acceptable. For example,

Căn nhà trong huyện mà anh ấy vừa mua

Căn nhà mà anh ấy vừa mua trong huyện

5. 
   Demonstratives: another post-nominal modifier in Vietnamese NP is demonstratives. Vietnamese demonstratives all have the function of identifying a referent with respect to another contextual point or position. Vietnamese demonstratives are free morphemes including này, đó, kia, ni, nớ and always follow the head nouns as in con mèo đó, cái bàn kia. They are not distinguished in term of number but in term of degree of distance
   

1. 
   Proximal: này, ni ‘this/these’
   
2. 
   Medial: đó, đấy, ấy, nớ‘that/those’
   
3. 
   Distal: kia, tê ‘that over there’
   
4. 
   Indefinite: đâu "where, nào "which, sao "how
   

cái bàn cũ này

A noun phrase with a relative clause seldom takes a demonstrative but if it does, the order will usually be as follow: N- RC- Dem as in cuốn sách mà tôi mua này.

As we can see in this sentence, the RC restricts the meaning of the head noun.

6. 
   
   
   Каталог: ed -> CA2009
   CA2009 -> Ho chi minh city university of education
   CA2009 -> Word formation in English and Vietnamese
   CA2009 -> Ho chi minh university of education department of english
   CA2009 -> Contrastive Analysis
   CA2009 -> Polite strategies in english and vietnamese imperatives
   CA2009 -> The English Causative Structure with "Have" and "Get"
   CA2009 -> Running head: the structure of noun phrase in english and vietnamese
   
   
   
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