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Table 1: Word order in English tag questions
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| Table 1: Word order in English tag questions
Types of English tag question: The different varieties o f tag questions make it difficult to set up a clear and systematic categorization of them; however, there is a sort of agreement among scholars who dealt with tag questions on dividing them into two categories: canonical tag questions and invariant tag questions. Bublitz (1979) mentions that there are two kinds of tag questions in the English language: lexical tag questions such as “right, okay”; and the intonational tag “eh”. Cheng and Warren (2001), on the other hand, adopt a different definition that classifies tag questions into two categories: canonical tag questions, with both matching and contrasting polarity, e.g., “It is hot, is it?” and “It is hot, isn‟t it?” and invariant tag questions, e.g., “right”. The canonical tag question with contrastive polarity is referred to as a “checking tag” and the one with matching polarity is referred to as a copy tag. “Word tags”, according to Cheng and W arren (2001), refer to invariant tags. Holmes (1982) also argues that tag questions in the English language can be classified into two categories. One is “the grammatically complex tag forms” (Holmes, 9 10 1982, p. 41) which also can be referred to as canonical tag questions, e.g., “It is going to rain tomorrow, isn‟t it?” and the other type is “grammatically simple tags” (Holmes, 1982, p. 41) which can be refereed to as invariant tag questions such as “right and okay”. The syntactic form o f canonical tag questions involves an auxiliary verb that agrees with the host sentence in tense and number, a pronoun, and matching or contrasting polarity. The form ofthe canonical tag question should agree with the subject and the auxiliary of the preceding host sentence in number, gender and tense. On the other hand, the invariant tag question involves words, such as “right”, “eh”, “okay” and “yeah” and does not have to change its form to agree with gender, number or tense o f the host sentence. The invariant tag question is less formal than the canonical tag question. Sometimes these invariant tag questions are referred to as response elicitors or response getters because they aim to elicit a response from the listener or promote interaction in the conversation (Biber et al., 2002). This study adopts Holmes‟s (1982) categorization o f tag questions. So, in this study canonical tag question will be used to refer to the grammatically complex tag forms and invariant tag question will be used to refer to tag words such as “right and okay”. (Al-Nabtiti, 2013, p. 9) tải về 0.54 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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