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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW



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Demo, RESEARCH DESIGN
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 
 
2.1. Previous studies 
English tag question has been studied by many researchers and discussed in
many grammar books by many authors. 
In Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Ngan (2016) indicates the features of tag questions 
in English with their Vietnamese equivalents in terms of syntactic and 
semantic features. The author makes comparison of tag questions between 
English and Vietnamese and points out the similarities and differences 
between the two languages. (Ngan, 2016) 
In over the world, Imad Al-Nabtiti (2012) reveals that non-native speakers 
cannot use Canonical Tag Questions appropriately not because of the syntactic 
complexity of these kinds of questions, but because of their pragmatic 
requirements. The results also show the importance of incorporating a 
pragmatic theory and the social contexts in which discourses take place in ESL 
curricula.
Besides, Gunnel Tottie and Sebastian Hoffmann (2009) states that Canonical 
tag questions in Present-day English (PDE) have received ample coverage in 
the literature, but their historical development has so far been given little 
attention.
Furthermore, enka Vondrus ov (2007) shows how the English question tags 
are translated into Czech. It points out the frequency and types of question tags 
encountered by translators of fiction, the meanings and communicative 
functions they convey, and the means of expression used to translate them. The 
thesis provides an overview of existing translations and at least partly clarify 
their foundation, thus outlining translation equivalence of the English and 
Czech structures. (Vondrus ov , 2017) 
Finally, Qiyun Zhang (2010) points out that questioning or being questioned is 
a necessity in communicative activities. The tag question plays an important 
role in everyday communication. In the tag mechanism of those questions, the 



tags are not formed in accordance with the general forming rules. So, learners 
often commit errors. This paper studies the types and causes of errors of the tag 
question. By analyzing these error sources, the learner can avoid and benefit 
from errors. Thus, they can understand tag questions better. (Qiyun, 2010) 

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