Why cities are regarded as productive engines of growth? Topic 4 P3
External economies - localization economies, urbanization economies, external scale economies and agglomeration economies
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- Điều hướng trang này:
- Central place theory – factors shaping the spatial order of cities, Topic 4_P11
| External economies - localization economies, urbanization economies, external scale economies and agglomeration economies,
Topic 4_P10 close proximity matters, firms may cluster to take advantage of external economies that result from proximity to a large number of other firms, external economies: localization economies that result from the firms in the same industry co-locating in the same area, urbanization economies, which result from the co-location of firms in different industries Agglomeration economies – the location-specific economies of scale Central place theory – factors shaping the spatial order of cities, Topic 4_P11 firm’s market area is determined by the combined influence of scale economies and transportation costs to markets, if scale economies are strong relative to transportation costs, all production will take place in a single plant, but if transportation costs are large relative to scale economies, firms will be scattered around the region, as a result all spaces will be occupied by equally spaced firms with hexagonal market areas, the size of the individual hexagons will be different for different markets, Central places emerge in locations where market areas for different products overlap export base theory - the region’s capability to response to exogenous world demand, Export base theory Topic 4_P14 export activities plays a main role in regional development, specialisation of production in various regions, regions rich in capital, export capital consuming products, while regions rich in labour force export time-consuming products, potential trade exchange between such regions is more advantageous for the capital consuming ones, local/regional governments in poorer regions should support not only export and free international trade, but also their infrastructural and institutional investments ‒ cumulative causation theory – “spread” effects and “backwash” effects, Topic 4 -> Presentation -> Slide 20_21 “spread” effects as a result of: Diffusion of innovations growing export into a “lagging” region Growing export markets for lagging region products “backwash” effects The flow of capital and labour from the lagging region into the developed region, Free trade only serves s causation to reinforce the process of cumulative further catalyzing growth in developed regions at the expense of lagging regions ‒ core and peripheries model of development – why the growth is spatially neither tải về 28.04 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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