The Structure of Noun Phrase in English and Vietnamese
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Contrastive Analysis
| Pre-modification:
The pre-modification of noun phrase can be demonstrated as the following: Pre-determiner + identifier + numeral/quantifier + adjective + noun modifier A noun phrase can be introduced by a pre-determiner. The most common pre-determiners are all, both, half, and fractions. For example, in the noun phrase all the students, all functions as a pre-determiner. What comes after a pre-determiner is the class of identifiers. Identifiers include articles (a, an, the), demonstratives (this, that, these, those) and possessives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their), only one of which can occur in a noun phrase. It means that they are “mutually exclusive in English”. One thing special about noun phrase is that the article “the” can go with any head be it singular or plural (a). In contrast, demonstratives must “agree in number with the common noun phrase” (Baker, 1995, p. 153) (b). For example: the book, the books this book, that book but these books, those books The identifier can be followed by a numeral/quantifier. Unlike the identifier, the numeral/quantifier can have more than one component. In general, this constituent of noun phrase may have the three favorite sequences: ordinal numeral + indefinite quantifier, e.g. the first few guests ordinal numeral + cardinal numeral, e.g. the first two guests indefinite quantifier + cardinal numeral, e.g. several thousand guests The groups of words coming after a numeral/quantifier are called adjectives. More than one adjective can co-occur in a noun phrase. In this case, adjectives are arranged in a rather fixed order. Jackson has suggested an ordering for adjectives with an example: a charming small round old brown French oaken writing desk. In this example, the adjectives appear in an order basing on a principle: 1. epithet (charming) 2. size (small) 3. shape (round) 4. age (old) 5. color (brown) 6. origin (French) 7. substance (oaken) 8. present participle (writing). However, it is necessary to bear in mind that there is no fixed formula for a sequence of adjective. Placed between adjectives and a head noun is a noun modifier. A noun modifier is a noun that is placed immediately before a head noun to modify the head noun. For example, in a country garden, the village policeman, and the news agency, country, village and news are noun modifiers. Jackson also points out that “it is unusual for more than one noun modifier to occur in a noun phrase” and that “noun modifier + head noun constructions are often the first stage in the formation of compound nouns”. tải về 142 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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