81 Future forms: future perfect
PEG 216
A: It'll take you ages to paint all these chairs, won't it?
B: No, I'll have painted them all by the end of the week.
Note 1 By using this tense the speaker implies that he will not have to make a special effort to be finished by the end of the week. If he works at his normal rate, he will be finished.
I will paint them all by the end of the week would also be possible, but would indicate that the speaker intended or promised to do this. It might imply that he would make a special effort to be ready in time.
Note 2 I shall have painted is the technically correct form, but I will / I'll have painted is more often heard.
It'll take you ages to ... , won't it?
paint all the doors
change all the fuses
rewire all the flats
lay all the new carpets
wash all the curtains
hang all these pictures
repaper the top rooms
clear all the blocked drains
vanish all the woodwork
weed the flower beds
mow all the grass
patch all these pillow cases
iron all these sheets
plant all these bulbs
sow all these seeds
replace all these tiles
scrub all these stairs
polish all this silver
pick all these apples
bottle all this wine
82 Future forms: future perfect continuous
PEG 216
A: Have you just started chicken farming?
B: Oh, no. By the end of the month I'll have been chicken farming for five years.
Have you just started ...
collecting stamps
bird-watching
keeping hens
painting
playing the violin
sailing
complaining
looking for gold
going to meetings
writing to the papers
growing roses
selling perches
translating documents
telling fortunes
flying jets
reading The Times
making jam
going to work by boat
working for Bill
riding a motorbike
83 Conditional sentences: type I and time clauses
PEG 221, 342
A: You'll tell Tom, won't you?
(a) B: Well, if I see him, I'll tell him.
A: What did you say?
B: I said if I saw him, I'd tell him.
Alternatively time clause can be used:
A: You'll tell Tom, won't you?
B: Yes, I'll tell him as soon as he comes in.
A: What did you say?
B: I said I'd tell him as soon as he came in.
Note When there is a double object .g. You'll give Peter the message, won't you?, use to and change the object order: Well, if I see him, I'll give it to him.
You'll ... won't you?
ask Peter
thank John
pay Ann
remind Mary
warn the children
tell them
apologize to George
kiss him
congratulate them
invite her
discuss it with George
explain the situation to Mary
show Peter the photographs (See note above.)
give Ann the money (See note.)
recommend it to Alec
suggest it to Peter
offer Bill the money (See note.)
point it out to Bob
speak to Mary
hang Hugo this letter (See note.)
84 Conditional sentences: type I
PEG 221
A: Perhaps he'll refuse.
B: Well, if he refuse please let me know.
Keep noun objects unchanged.
Perhaps he'll ...
complain.
ask for more money.
go on strike.
object.
make a fuss.
threaten me.
demand an explanation.
try to bribe me.
accuse me.
blame me.
refuse to co-operate.
want proof.
report me to the police.
take my passport away.
make conditions.
argue.
insist on a written agreement.
hi-jack my plane.
kidnap me.
shoot at me.
85 Conditional sentences: type I
PEG 221, 226
A: Ann thinks Paul will probably start tomorrow.
B: But unless he starts today he'll be too late
Ann thinks Paul will probably ... tomorrow.
come
begin
decide
sign
apply
leave
send it
post it
tell us
set out
book the seats
pay
claim it
report it
arrive
enrol
go
accept
fly
arrange it
86 Conditional sentences: type II
PEG 222
A: I suppose I'll have to ask someone else to put me up.
B: I'm afraid so. I'd put you up if I could but I can't.
I suppose I'll have to ask someone else to ...
meet me.
see me off.
help me.
wait for me.
keep me a place. (Leave place unchanged.)
show me the way. (Leave way unchanged.)
fix it for me.
translate it.
give me a lift. (Leave lift unchanged.)
carry it for me.
find me a job. (Leave job unchanged.)
go with me.
babysit.
take over.
do it.
arrange it for me.
drive me.
explain it to me.
show me how to do it.
advise me.
87 Conditional sentences: type II
PEG 222
A: He lives near his work so he's always in time.
B: If I lived near my work, I'd always be in time too. (Stress the subjects.)
[should is also possible]
A: His case is light so he carries it himself.
B: If my case were light, I'd carry it myself too. (Stress my and 'I'.)
A: Tom and his wife have a colour television, so they stay at home in the evenings.
B: If we had a colour television, we'd stay at home in the evenings too.
She is nice and slim, so she looks marvellous in tight jeans.
He has plenty of money, so he spends the winters abroad.
He works overtime, so he earns a lot of money.
His garden gets a lot of sun, so he can grow peaches.
He can ski, so he goes skiing at Christmas.
They use electric typewriters, so they finish early.
She knows a film director, so she gets good parts.
She gets two hours for lunch, so she goes to lunch-time concerts.
Both Jack and his wife work, so they can afford expensive holidays. (if we ...)
He reads the newspapers carefully and always knows what's happening.
He runs round the park every morning, so he keeps very fit.
He travels first class, so he enjoys travelling.
Mrs Jones employs an au pair girl, so she can spend all day reading novels.
His alarm clock rings very loudly, so he always wakes up in time.
Her husband leaves the car at home, so she goes shopping in it.
They do their own decorating, so they save a lot of money. (if we ...)
He belongs to a club, so he meets a lot of people.
He meets a lot of people, so he makes a lot of friends.
She has everything she wants, so she is perfectly happy.
He understands electricity, so he does his own repairs.
88 Conditional sentences: type II using the continuous infinitive
PEG 222C
A: Tom's on holiday now; I expect he's sitting on the beach.
B: If I were on holiday, I'd be sitting on the beach too.
(Technically should is correct form here, but would ('d) is more often heard.)
Tom's on holiday now; I expect he's ...
pony-trekking.
sailing.
gardening.
lying in a hammock.
fishing.
camping.
sight-seeing.
playing tennis.
swimming.
sitting on the beach.
sitting in a deckchair.
mowing the lawn.
skin-diving.
painting pictures.
watching a football match.
touring Italy.
buying antiques.
taking photographs.
sun-bathing.
driving along a motorway.
89 Conditional sentences: type III
PEG 223
A: Why didn't you pay Tom?
B: You didn't tell me to. If you'd old me, I'd have paid him of course.
Why didn't you ...
wait for Henry?
meet John?
thank James?
warn Mary?
remind the children?
invite Mr and Mrs Jones?
ring Margaret?
send the parcel?
phone the doctor?
write to George?
report it?
ask Billy?
propose Peter?
sack Tom?
look for Philip?
follow the man?
search the house?
vote for Donald?
stop the car?
oppose the new policy?
90 Conditional sentences: type III
PEG 223
(i) A: He didn't ask me to go.
B: Would you have gone if he had asked you? (slight stress on had)
A: He didn't ask me to open the letters.
B: Would you have opened them if he had asked you?
A: He didn't ask me to send him the papers.
B: Would you have sent them to him if he had asked you? (Note word order.)
He didn't ask me ...
wait for him.
help him.
see him off.
show him my notes. (See (iii) above.)
lend it to him.
paint his portrait.
open the safe.
photograph the documents.
iron his shirts.
write to him.
explain.
pay.
move the car.
do it again.
type the report.
give him the key. (See (iii) above.)
change my plans.
keep it a secret.
marry him.
contribute.
91 Conditional sentences: type III
PEG 223
(a) A: I didn't feel well; that's why I didn't go with him.
B: So if you'd felt well, you'd have gone with him, would you?
I hadn't the paper qualifications, so I didn't get the post.
I didn't do the last question, so I didn't pass.
I didn't know his number, so I didn't ring him.
I didn't take his threats seriously, so I didn't tell the police.
He didn't finish the job, so I don't pay him.
I didn't realize he was ill, so I didn't give him the day off.
My gun wasn't loaded, so I didn't fire.
My wife didn't encourage me, that's why I didn't get to the top.
They didn't give me a work permit, so I didn't stay here.
I didn't hear knocking, so I didn't open the door.
A: He didn't tell me the lions were loose, so I left the car.
B: So if he had told you the lions were loose, you wouldn't have left the car, eh?
I didn't know I was overdrawn, so I gave them a cheque.
I wasn't given correct information, so I arrived at a false conclusion.
They didn't shut the loading door properly; that's why the plane crashed.
He didn't love her; that's why he deceived her.
I didn't know the whole story, so I blamed Tom.
They hadn't enough lifeboats; that's why there was such loss of life.
He couldn't swim; that's why he was drowned,
He didn't tie up the boat, so it drifted sway.
I didn't realize the lion was dangerous, so I opened the cage.
I didn't expect him to ring back at once, so I went out.
92 I wish + past tense / If only + past tense
PEG 228, 300
(a) A: Can you type?
B: No I can't. I wish I could. (Or: If only I could!)
The if only form is much more dramatic and less generally useful than
the I wish form.
Is she flying?
Can you drive a car?
Do you know where we are?
Have you got a map?
Are your children with you?
Does he come straight home after work?
Are your students interested in languages?
Is it your weekend off?
Can you understand this notice?
Have you done your packing?
A: Do they eat sweets between meals?
B: Yes, they do. I wish they didn't. (Or: If only they didn't.)
A: Need/Must you go?
B: Yes, I must. I wish I didn't have to.
Use didn't have to to express negative obligation.
Are your friends leaving tomorrow?
Does he smoke in bed?
Must you start tomorrow?
Are they selling their house?
Do they want to emigrate?
Have you signed the contract?
Is he going out tonight?
Need you appear in court?
Have you posted the letter?
Must you do military service?
93 I wish + past tense / If only + past tense
PEG 223, 300
A: I'm going by air.
B: I wish I was going by air. (stress on the second 'I')
A: I've passed my test.
B: I wish I'd passed my test. (stress on the second 'I' and on my)
or
If only I was going by air!
If only I had passed my test!
(This form is much more dramatic and less generally useful than the I wish form.)
Keep nouns unchanged.
I have a flat here.
I know five languages.
I live near my work.
I can park outside my office.
My case is quite light.
I'm getting thinner.
I have six weeks' holiday a year.
My son writes every week.
My boss hands out free theatre tickets.
I've worked hard all the year.
I get the weekends off.
I have plenty of time for reading.
My neighbours are very quiet.
I get a bonus at Christmas.
I find it easy to concentrate.
I understand it.
I can take a day off any time.
I've saved $100.
My house looks out on a park.
My parents give me an allowance.
94 I wish + past perfect and If only + past perfect
PEG 228, 300
(a) A: I asked Bill.
B: I wish you'd asked Tom too. (had is normally contracted here.)
or: If only you'd asked Tom too!
I paid Jack.
I invited Paul.
I scolded Peter.
I stopped Mary.
I rang Ann.
I wrote to Alec.
I voted for Bill.
I suggested Arthur.
I spoke to John.
I warned Philip.
A: I only left an umbrella.
B: I wish you hadn't left anything. (slight stress on anything)
or: If only you hadn't left anything! (slight stress on anything)
A: I only paid the guide.
B: I wish you hadn't paid anyone. (slight stress on anyone.)
or: If only you hadn't paid anyone! (slight stress on anyone.)
I only ...
said a few words.
ate a few nuts.
drank half a glass of wine.
tipped the porter.
gave 10p.
signed the bill
photographed the entrance.
admitted one thing.
took an apple.
told Andrew.
95 I wish + past perfect and If only + past perfect
PEG 284
A: Ask me to shut the door.
B: Would you shut the door, please?
B: Could you shut the door, please?
Ask me to ...
tell Jack.
ask Mary.
ring Ann.
turn off the light.
lock the door.
come in quietly.
write at once.
thank him.
forward your letters.
go myself.
mend the fuse.
cancel the papers.
pay the milkman.
let me know about this.
give him his lunch.
feed the goldfish.
water the roses.
answer the letter.
cook the lunch.
send him a cheque.
96 Requests
PEG 284
A: Ask me to join the queue.
B: If you'd join the queue.
(This is a fairy casual form of request used when the request is very reasonable
and there is no chance of objection.)
B: Could you shut the door, please?
(would you and could you would be equally possible here, but for convenience
we will restrict the exercises to if you'd and would you like to)
Ask me to ...
open my case.
sign here.
give you some proof of my identity.
put my name and address on the back of the cheque.
show you my passport.
wait in the waiting room.
ring this number.
write to this address.
leave my name and telephone number.
take off my coat.
open my book at page 60.
go up to the next floor.
come this way.
fill up this form.
follow you.
pay the cashier.
accompany you to the manager's office.
tell you exactly what happened.
have a look at these brochures.
think it over.
97 Requests: Would you mind + gerund
PEG 263, 284D, K
A: Have the windows been cleaned?
B: No. Would you mind cleaning them?
B: No. I wonder if you'd mind cleaning them.
Have / has the ...
beds been made?
table been laid?
stairs been swept?
coffee been ground?
onions been cut up?
washing-up been done?
gas bill been paid?
steps been scrubbed?
furniture been polished?
dining room been dusted?
shopping been done?
sheets been ironed?
tea been made?
laundry been collected?
clock been wound?
cheese been grated?
letters been posted?
sandwiches been cut?
potatoes been peeled?
chips been fried?
98 Requests: Would you mind if ... and
Would it be all right if ...
PEG 263
A: I'd like you to go today.
B: Would you mind if I went tomorrow instead?
(Would you mind if I go is also possible, but the past tense is better after would.
Do you mind if I go is also possible, but more casual. Would you mind is more polite.)
B: Would it be all right if I went tomorrow instead?
I'd like you to ... today.
leave
ring the Smiths
tell Jack
pay the bill
write to Mary
send the cheque
buy the tickets
begin
report it
mend it
make the cake
change the wheel
check the brakes
renew your licence
do your packing
book the seats
decide
move out
make the inventory
settle the account
99 Expressions of preference: would rather / would prefer to
PEG 297
A: Would you like to go with Peter or with Paul?
B: I'd rather go with Paul.
B: I'd prefer to go with Paul.
A: Would you like to fry it or grill it?
B: I'd rather grill it.
B: I'd prefer to grill it.
Would you like to ...
have supper at home or go out to supper?
join a nine o'clock class or an eleven o'clock class?
drive or fly?
pay cash or by cheque?
marry a poor man or a rich man?
stay at home after marriage or go out to work?
write to him or ring him?
eat it raw or cook it?
watch cricket or tennis?
see a film or a play?
buy one or borrow one?
leave today or tomorrow?
ask Tom or ask Jack?
earn money or spend it?
see the film first or read the book first?
wash them at home or take them to the launderette?
explain it in French or English?
queue for a bus or look for a taxi?
drive or be driven?
live 35 floors up or nearer the ground?
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