Structure drills 1 Auxiliary verbs: short answers (01)
tải về 1.11 Mb.
|
81 Future forms: future perfect PEG 216 A: It'll take you ages to paint all these chairs, won't it? B: No, I'll have painted them all by the end of the week. Note 1 By using this tense the speaker implies that he will not have to make a special effort to be finished by the end of the week. If he works at his normal rate, he will be finished. I will paint them all by the end of the week would also be possible, but would indicate that the speaker intended or promised to do this. It might imply that he would make a special effort to be ready in time. Note 2 I shall have painted is the technically correct form, but I will / I'll have painted is more often heard. It'll take you ages to ... , won't it? paint all the doors change all the fuses rewire all the flats lay all the new carpets wash all the curtains hang all these pictures repaper the top rooms clear all the blocked drains vanish all the woodwork weed the flower beds mow all the grass patch all these pillow cases iron all these sheets plant all these bulbs sow all these seeds replace all these tiles scrub all these stairs polish all this silver pick all these apples bottle all this wine 82 Future forms: future perfect continuous PEG 216 A: Have you just started chicken farming? B: Oh, no. By the end of the month I'll have been chicken farming for five years. Have you just started ... collecting stamps bird-watching keeping hens painting playing the violin sailing complaining looking for gold going to meetings writing to the papers growing roses selling perches translating documents telling fortunes flying jets reading The Times making jam going to work by boat working for Bill riding a motorbike 83 Conditional sentences: type I and time clauses PEG 221, 342 A: You'll tell Tom, won't you? (a) B: Well, if I see him, I'll tell him. A: What did you say?
B: I said if I saw him, I'd tell him. Alternatively time clause can be used: A: You'll tell Tom, won't you?
B: Yes, I'll tell him as soon as he comes in. A: What did you say? B: I said I'd tell him as soon as he came in. Note When there is a double object .g. You'll give Peter the message, won't you?, use to and change the object order: Well, if I see him, I'll give it to him. You'll ... won't you? ask Peter thank John pay Ann remind Mary warn the children tell them apologize to George kiss him congratulate them invite her discuss it with George explain the situation to Mary show Peter the photographs (See note above.) give Ann the money (See note.) recommend it to Alec suggest it to Peter offer Bill the money (See note.) point it out to Bob speak to Mary hang Hugo this letter (See note.) 84 Conditional sentences: type I PEG 221 A: Perhaps he'll refuse. B: Well, if he refuse please let me know. Keep noun objects unchanged. Perhaps he'll ... complain. ask for more money. go on strike. object. make a fuss. threaten me. demand an explanation. try to bribe me. accuse me. blame me. refuse to co-operate. want proof. report me to the police. take my passport away. make conditions. argue. insist on a written agreement. hi-jack my plane. kidnap me. shoot at me. 85 Conditional sentences: type I PEG 221, 226 A: Ann thinks Paul will probably start tomorrow. B: But unless he starts today he'll be too late Ann thinks Paul will probably ... tomorrow. come begin decide sign apply leave send it post it tell us set out book the seats pay claim it report it arrive enrol go accept fly arrange it 86 Conditional sentences: type II PEG 222 A: I suppose I'll have to ask someone else to put me up. B: I'm afraid so. I'd put you up if I could but I can't. I suppose I'll have to ask someone else to ... meet me. see me off. help me. wait for me. keep me a place. (Leave place unchanged.) show me the way. (Leave way unchanged.) fix it for me. translate it. give me a lift. (Leave lift unchanged.) carry it for me. find me a job. (Leave job unchanged.) go with me. babysit. take over. do it. arrange it for me. drive me. explain it to me. show me how to do it. advise me. 87 Conditional sentences: type II PEG 222 A: He lives near his work so he's always in time. B: If I lived near my work, I'd always be in time too. (Stress the subjects.) [should is also possible]
B: If my case were light, I'd carry it myself too. (Stress my and 'I'.) A: Tom and his wife have a colour television, so they stay at home in the evenings. B: If we had a colour television, we'd stay at home in the evenings too. She is nice and slim, so she looks marvellous in tight jeans. He has plenty of money, so he spends the winters abroad. He works overtime, so he earns a lot of money. His garden gets a lot of sun, so he can grow peaches. He can ski, so he goes skiing at Christmas. They use electric typewriters, so they finish early. She knows a film director, so she gets good parts. She gets two hours for lunch, so she goes to lunch-time concerts. Both Jack and his wife work, so they can afford expensive holidays. (if we ...) He reads the newspapers carefully and always knows what's happening. He runs round the park every morning, so he keeps very fit. He travels first class, so he enjoys travelling. Mrs Jones employs an au pair girl, so she can spend all day reading novels. His alarm clock rings very loudly, so he always wakes up in time. Her husband leaves the car at home, so she goes shopping in it. They do their own decorating, so they save a lot of money. (if we ...) He belongs to a club, so he meets a lot of people. He meets a lot of people, so he makes a lot of friends. She has everything she wants, so she is perfectly happy. He understands electricity, so he does his own repairs. 88 Conditional sentences: type II using the continuous infinitive PEG 222C A: Tom's on holiday now; I expect he's sitting on the beach. B: If I were on holiday, I'd be sitting on the beach too. (Technically should is correct form here, but would ('d) is more often heard.) Tom's on holiday now; I expect he's ... pony-trekking. sailing. gardening. lying in a hammock. fishing. camping. sight-seeing. playing tennis. swimming. sitting on the beach. sitting in a deckchair. mowing the lawn. skin-diving. painting pictures. watching a football match. touring Italy. buying antiques. taking photographs. sun-bathing. driving along a motorway. 89 Conditional sentences: type III PEG 223 A: Why didn't you pay Tom? B: You didn't tell me to. If you'd old me, I'd have paid him of course. Why didn't you ... wait for Henry? meet John? thank James? warn Mary? remind the children? invite Mr and Mrs Jones? ring Margaret? send the parcel? phone the doctor? write to George? report it? ask Billy? propose Peter? sack Tom? look for Philip? follow the man? search the house? vote for Donald? stop the car? oppose the new policy? 90 Conditional sentences: type III PEG 223 (i) A: He didn't ask me to go. B: Would you have gone if he had asked you? (slight stress on had) A: He didn't ask me to open the letters. B: Would you have opened them if he had asked you? A: He didn't ask me to send him the papers. B: Would you have sent them to him if he had asked you? (Note word order.) He didn't ask me ... wait for him. help him. see him off. show him my notes. (See (iii) above.) lend it to him. paint his portrait. open the safe. photograph the documents. iron his shirts. write to him. explain. pay. move the car. do it again. type the report. give him the key. (See (iii) above.) change my plans. keep it a secret. marry him. contribute. 91 Conditional sentences: type III PEG 223 (a) A: I didn't feel well; that's why I didn't go with him. B: So if you'd felt well, you'd have gone with him, would you? I hadn't the paper qualifications, so I didn't get the post. I didn't do the last question, so I didn't pass. I didn't know his number, so I didn't ring him. I didn't take his threats seriously, so I didn't tell the police. He didn't finish the job, so I don't pay him. I didn't realize he was ill, so I didn't give him the day off. My gun wasn't loaded, so I didn't fire. My wife didn't encourage me, that's why I didn't get to the top. They didn't give me a work permit, so I didn't stay here. I didn't hear knocking, so I didn't open the door. A: He didn't tell me the lions were loose, so I left the car. B: So if he had told you the lions were loose, you wouldn't have left the car, eh? I didn't know I was overdrawn, so I gave them a cheque. I wasn't given correct information, so I arrived at a false conclusion. They didn't shut the loading door properly; that's why the plane crashed. He didn't love her; that's why he deceived her. I didn't know the whole story, so I blamed Tom. They hadn't enough lifeboats; that's why there was such loss of life. He couldn't swim; that's why he was drowned, He didn't tie up the boat, so it drifted sway. I didn't realize the lion was dangerous, so I opened the cage. I didn't expect him to ring back at once, so I went out. 92 I wish + past tense / If only + past tense PEG 228, 300 (a) A: Can you type? B: No I can't. I wish I could. (Or: If only I could!) The if only form is much more dramatic and less generally useful than the I wish form. Is she flying? Can you drive a car? Do you know where we are? Have you got a map? Are your children with you? Does he come straight home after work? Are your students interested in languages? Is it your weekend off? Can you understand this notice? Have you done your packing? A: Do they eat sweets between meals? B: Yes, they do. I wish they didn't. (Or: If only they didn't.) A: Need/Must you go? B: Yes, I must. I wish I didn't have to. Use didn't have to to express negative obligation. Are your friends leaving tomorrow? Does he smoke in bed? Must you start tomorrow? Are they selling their house? Do they want to emigrate? Have you signed the contract? Is he going out tonight? Need you appear in court? Have you posted the letter? Must you do military service? 93 I wish + past tense / If only + past tense PEG 223, 300 A: I'm going by air. B: I wish I was going by air. (stress on the second 'I') A: I've passed my test. B: I wish I'd passed my test. (stress on the second 'I' and on my) or If only I was going by air! If only I had passed my test! (This form is much more dramatic and less generally useful than the I wish form.) Keep nouns unchanged. I have a flat here. I know five languages. I live near my work. I can park outside my office. My case is quite light. I'm getting thinner. I have six weeks' holiday a year. My son writes every week. My boss hands out free theatre tickets. I've worked hard all the year. I get the weekends off. I have plenty of time for reading. My neighbours are very quiet. I get a bonus at Christmas. I find it easy to concentrate. I understand it. I can take a day off any time. I've saved $100. My house looks out on a park. My parents give me an allowance. 94 I wish + past perfect and If only + past perfect PEG 228, 300 (a) A: I asked Bill. B: I wish you'd asked Tom too. (had is normally contracted here.) or: If only you'd asked Tom too!
I paid Jack. I invited Paul. I scolded Peter. I stopped Mary. I rang Ann. I wrote to Alec. I voted for Bill. I suggested Arthur. I spoke to John. I warned Philip. A: I only left an umbrella. B: I wish you hadn't left anything. (slight stress on anything) or: If only you hadn't left anything! (slight stress on anything) A: I only paid the guide. B: I wish you hadn't paid anyone. (slight stress on anyone.) or: If only you hadn't paid anyone! (slight stress on anyone.)
said a few words. ate a few nuts. drank half a glass of wine. tipped the porter. gave 10p. signed the bill photographed the entrance. admitted one thing. took an apple. told Andrew. 95 I wish + past perfect and If only + past perfect PEG 284 A: Ask me to shut the door. B: Would you shut the door, please? B: Could you shut the door, please? Ask me to ... tell Jack. ask Mary. ring Ann. turn off the light. lock the door. come in quietly. write at once. thank him. forward your letters. go myself. mend the fuse. cancel the papers. pay the milkman. let me know about this. give him his lunch. feed the goldfish. water the roses. answer the letter. cook the lunch. send him a cheque. 96 Requests PEG 284 A: Ask me to join the queue. B: If you'd join the queue. (This is a fairy casual form of request used when the request is very reasonable and there is no chance of objection.) B: Could you shut the door, please? (would you and could you would be equally possible here, but for convenience we will restrict the exercises to if you'd and would you like to) Ask me to ... open my case. sign here. give you some proof of my identity. put my name and address on the back of the cheque. show you my passport. wait in the waiting room. ring this number. write to this address. leave my name and telephone number. take off my coat. open my book at page 60. go up to the next floor. come this way. fill up this form. follow you. pay the cashier. accompany you to the manager's office. tell you exactly what happened. have a look at these brochures. think it over. 97 Requests: Would you mind + gerund PEG 263, 284D, K A: Have the windows been cleaned? B: No. Would you mind cleaning them? B: No. I wonder if you'd mind cleaning them. Have / has the ... beds been made? table been laid? stairs been swept? coffee been ground? onions been cut up? washing-up been done? gas bill been paid? steps been scrubbed? furniture been polished? dining room been dusted? shopping been done? sheets been ironed? tea been made? laundry been collected? clock been wound? cheese been grated? letters been posted? sandwiches been cut? potatoes been peeled? chips been fried? 98 Requests: Would you mind if ... and Would it be all right if ... PEG 263 A: I'd like you to go today. B: Would you mind if I went tomorrow instead? (Would you mind if I go is also possible, but the past tense is better after would. Do you mind if I go is also possible, but more casual. Would you mind is more polite.) B: Would it be all right if I went tomorrow instead? I'd like you to ... today. leave ring the Smiths tell Jack pay the bill write to Mary send the cheque buy the tickets begin report it mend it make the cake change the wheel check the brakes renew your licence do your packing book the seats decide move out make the inventory settle the account 99 Expressions of preference: would rather / would prefer to PEG 297
B: I'd rather go with Paul. B: I'd prefer to go with Paul. A: Would you like to fry it or grill it? B: I'd rather grill it. B: I'd prefer to grill it. Would you like to ... have supper at home or go out to supper? join a nine o'clock class or an eleven o'clock class? drive or fly? pay cash or by cheque? marry a poor man or a rich man? stay at home after marriage or go out to work? write to him or ring him? eat it raw or cook it? watch cricket or tennis? see a film or a play? buy one or borrow one? leave today or tomorrow? ask Tom or ask Jack? earn money or spend it? see the film first or read the book first? wash them at home or take them to the launderette? explain it in French or English? queue for a bus or look for a taxi? drive or be driven? live 35 floors up or nearer the ground? Каталог: edata -> EBook edata -> LỜi cam đoan edata -> LỜi cam đoan tôi xin cam đoan đây là luận văn được nghiên cứu độc lập của riêng tôi. Các số liệu, kết quả nghiên cứu trong luận văn này là trung thực, đáng tin cậy và chưa từng được ai công bố trong bất kỳ công trình nào kác edata -> LỜi cam đoan edata -> LỜi cam đoan edata -> 1. Cơ sở khoa học, ý nghĩa thực tiễn của đề tài edata -> LỜi cảM Ơn trên con đường thành công không bao giờ vắng bóng của những người thầy đầy nhiệt huyết, sự giúp đỡ của bạn bè và đặc biệt đó là niềm tin của gia đình tải về 1.11 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
|