Example:
+ He was punished by his father, he cried bitterly.
Being punished by his father, he cried bitterly.
Or: Punished by his father, he cried bitterly.
+ After she had been treated cruelly by her husband, she divorced him.
Having been treated cruelly by her husband, she divorced him.
a. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
- Hai hành động xảy ra song song:
+ He was lying on the floor, he was reading a book.
-> He was lying on the floor, reading a book.
- Hai hành động xảy ra trước sau (thường rút ngắn mđ xảy ra trước)
+ When I came home, I turned on the lights.
-> Coming home, I turned on the lights.
b. Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân.
+ Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a motorcycle.
Being unable to afford a car, she bought a motorcycle.
+ She felt very confident because she had prepared well for the test.
Having prepared well for the test, she felt very confident.
c. Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản.
+ Although I admit he is right, I do not like him.
Admitting he is right, I do not like him.
+ Although he is famous, he looks very simple.
Being famous, he looks very simple.
d. Mệnh đề điều kiện.
+ If you follow my advice, you can win the game.
Following my advice, you can win the game.
+ If you had gone to the party, you would have met her.
Having gone to the party, you would have met her.
e. Mệnh đề kết quả: Khi hành động thứ 2 tạo thành một phần hoặc là kết quả của hành động 1, ta có thể rút ngắn hành động 2 về cụm HTPT (V-ing).
+ As she went out, she slammed the door.
She went out, slamming the door.
+ He fired, wounding one of the bandits.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
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