10.1 Manual transmission
10.1.1 Clutch
A clutch is a device for disconnecting and con-
necting rotating shafts. In a vehicle with a man-
ual gearbox, the driver pushes down the clutch
when changing gear to disconnect the engine
from the gearbox. It also allows a temporary neu-
tral position for, say, waiting at traffic lights and
a gradual way of taking up drive from rest.
The clutch is made of two main parts, a pres-
sure plate and a driven plate. The driven plate,
often termed the clutch disc, is fitted on the shaft,
which takes the drive into the gearbox. When the
clutch is engaged, the pressure plate presses the
driven plate against the engine flywheel. This
allows drive to be passed to the gearbox. Pushing
down the clutch springs the pressure plate away,
which frees the driven plate. Figure 10.1 shows
some typical clutch components including an
electromechanical clutch actuator. The diaphragm
type clutch replaced an earlier type with coil
springs as it has a number of advantages when
used on light vehicles:
●
not affected by high speeds (coil springs can
be thrown outwards);
●
low pedal force making for easy operation;
●
light and compact;
●
clamping force increases or at least remains
constant as the friction lining wears.
The method of controlling the clutch is quite
simple. The mechanism consists of either a cable
or hydraulic system.
10.1.2 Manual gearbox
The driver changes the gears of a manual gear-
box by moving a hand-operated lever called a
10
Transmission systems
Components for automatic
transmissions
Clutch cover assembly and driven discs
Electro-mechanical
actuator for compact
automatic clutch
V 4470 clutch facing
for limited slip
differential
Clutch cover assembly
Compact clutch module
Clutch release bearings
Hydraulic clutch cylinders
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