Fingerprint History - 1823 Professor Johannes Evangelist Purkinje discussed 9 fingerprint patterns
- 1856 Sir William Hershel used fingerprint (in India) on contracts
- 1880 Dr. Henry Faulds article in Nature about fingerprints for ID
- 1883 Mark Twain’s Life on the Mississippi (murderer ID’ed by fingerprint)
Fingerprint History - 1888 Sir Francis Galton developed classification system
- His system of “minutia” can be used today
- Also verified that fingerprints do not change
- Some countries require fixed number of “points” (minutia) to match in criminal cases
Fingerprint Comparison
Loop (double)
Whorl
Arch
- Examples of loops, whorls, and arches
- Minutia extracted from these features
Fingerprint: Enrollment Fingerprint: Recognition - Extracted points are compared with information stored in a database
- Is it a statistical match?
- Aside: Do identical twins’ fingerprints differ?
- A popular biometric
- Measures shape of hand
- Width of hand, fingers
- Length of fingers, etc.
- Human hands not so unique
- Hand geometry sufficient for many situations
- OK for authentication
- Not useful for ID problem
Hand Geometry - Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Cannot use on very young or very old
- Relatively high equal error rate
- Iris pattern development is “chaotic”
- Little or no genetic influence
- Even for identical twins, uncorrelated
- Pattern is stable through lifetime
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