Standalone hybrid generation system for the remote area of Thar, Pakistan
The energy storage is dependent on the amount of active material in the battery cell [12]. Thus, for an
active material of mass, m (in gram) and a cell volume, V (in liters), the specific power (in W/g) and
peak power density (in W/l) can be determined from the peak power.
2.34
Best batteries have high standard cell potential, which results in high peak power capacity and high
theoretical charge capacity [6, 17, 18].
2.5.2. Battery characteristics
Battery capacity: This is a measure of how much energy the battery can store. The amount of energy
that can be extracted from a fully charged battery basically depends on temperature, rate of discharge,
battery age and battery type. The three main ratings to specify the capacity of a battery are [17, 18]:
- Ampere-hour (Ah): the current at which a battery can discharge at a constant rate over a fixed
interval of time.
- Reserve capacity: the length of time (in minutes) that a battery can produce a specified level of
discharge.
- KWh capacity: a measure of energy required to fully charge a depleted battery. A depleted battery is
not usually a fully discharged battery.
Battery Voltage The battery voltage is that of a fully charged battery. It depends up on the number of
cells and voltage per cell. The battery voltage decreases when the battery starts discharging. Cycle
depth Fully discharging batteries can facilitate the damage or totally destroy the battery life. Deep-
cycle batteries can discharge up to 15%-20% of their capacity [17]. This gives a depth of discharge of
85% - 80%.
Energy density/Specific energy: is a measure of how much energy can be extracted from a battery per
unit of battery weight or volume. By default, deep-cycle batteries provide the potential for higher
energy densities than non-deep-cycle varieties since more of the energy in the battery can be extracted
(e.g. larger acceptable DOD).
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