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Answer Key for the TOEFL® Practice Test: Structure and Expression



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Answer Key for the TOEFL® Practice Test: Structure and Expression


  1. A

  2. B

  3. B

  4. A

  5. C

  6. A

  7. A

  8. C

  9. D

  10. D



Reading Comprehension Practice Questions


The Reading Comprehension section contains reading passages and questions about the passages. The questions are about information that is stated or implied in the passage and about some of the specific words in the passages. Because many English words have more than one meaning, it is important to remember that these questions concern the meaning of a word or phrase within the context of the passage.

Directions and Practice Questions for Reading Comprehension


Directions and examples of the types of questions you will find in the Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL® test follow. Use the answer key to see the correct answers for the Reading Comprehension questions.

Section 3 measures your ability to read and understand short passages similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. This section contains reading passages and questions about the passages.



Directions: In the Reading Comprehension section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C, or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.



Read the following passage:


 

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on

 

society, or to draw attention to the importance of precise

 

timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at

Line

daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated, people

(5)

have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of

 

day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever.

 

Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time,

 

social life would be unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers

 

of goods, services, and information would proceed in fits and

(10)

starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.

Example 1


What is the main idea of the passage?

  1. In modern society we must make more time for our neighbors.

  2. The traditions of society are timeless.

  3. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of society.

  4. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose answer C.


Example 2


In line 6, the phrase "this tradition" refers to

  1. the practice of starting the business day at dawn

  2. friendly relations between neighbors

  3. the railroad's reliance on time schedules

  4. people's agreement on the measurement of time

The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day." Therefore, you should choose answer D.

Now begin work on the questions.

PRACTICE PASSAGE


 

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean.

 

It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in

 

the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly

Line

800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely

(5)

complicated to operate.

 

The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of

 

delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through

 

crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky

 

crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or

(10)

under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter,

 

and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can

 

be pumped through it daily.

 

Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of

 

the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth.

(15)

Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky

 

ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the

 

pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh

 

demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the

 

land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost

(20)

(permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline

 

is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere

 

from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and

 

the properties of the soil.

 

One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately

(25)

$8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction

 

project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single

 

business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies

 

formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company

 

controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and

(30)

paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its

 

holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply

 

shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous

 

terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the

 

Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS


  1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's

    1. operating costs

    2. employees

    3. consumers

    4. construction

  2. The word "it" in line 4 refers to

    1. pipeline

    2. ocean

    3. state

    4. village

  3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each

    1. day

    2. week

    3. month

    4. year

  4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

    1. Consisting of

    2. Supported by

    3. Passing under

    4. Protected with

  5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the

    1. climate

    2. lay of the land itself

    3. local vegetation

    4. kind of soil and rock

  6. The word "undertaken" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

    1. removed

    2. selected

    3. transported

    4. attempted

  7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?

    1. 3

    2. 4

    3. 8

    4. 12

  8. The word "particular" in line 29 is closest in meaning to

    1. peculiar

    2. specific

    3. exceptional

    4. equal

  9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?

    1. How much oil field land each company owned

    2. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields

    3. How many people worked for each company

    4. How many oil wells were located on the company's land

10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains frozen?



    1. Line 3

    2. Line 13

    3. Line 19

    4. Line 32




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