Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 4 Warning Signs

4 
7 
BRIDGES AND OTHER STRUCTURES  
 35
7.1  Humped bridges  
 35
7.2  Tunnels  
 36
7.3  Low bridges  
 36
7.4  Imperial height  
 37
7.5  Metric height  
 38
7.6  Diversion signing  
 38
7.7  Non‑arch bridges  
 39
7.8  Arch bridges  
 42
7.9  Composite bridges  
 45
7.10  Overhanging buildings  
 46
8 
PEDESTRIANS  
 47
8.1  Pedestrian crossings  
 47
8.2  Vulnerable pedestrians  
 47
8.3  Children  
 48
8.4  Flashing amber lights  
 49
8.5  Humped crossings  
 50
9 
ANIMALS AND FARM TRAFFIC  
 51
9.1  General  
 51
9.2  Cattle crossing  
 51
9.3  Other animal signs  
 52
9.4  Cattle grids  
 53
9.5  Farm traffic  
 54
9.6  Gates  
 54
10 
WATER  
 56
10.1  Fords and floods  
 56
10.2  Ice and snow  
 57
10.3  Quaysides and water courses  
 57
11 
ROAD SURFACE  
 59
11.1  Uneven road  
 59
11.2  Soft verges  
 59
11.3  Slippery road  
 59
11.4  Loose chippings  
 60
12 
ROAD HUMPS  
 62
12.1  General  
 62
13 
LOW-FLYING AIRCRAFT  
 65
13.1  General  
 65
14 
FALLING OR FALLEN ROCKS  
 66
14.1  General  
 66
15 
HAZARD MARKERS  
 67
15.1  General  
 67

5 
16 
OTHER DANGER  
 69
16.1  General  
 69
16.2  Wig‑wag signals  
 70
17 
DISTANCE PLATES  
 71
17.1  General  
 71
18 
MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDS  
 72
18.1  Animal disease  
 72
18.2  Oncoming vehicles  
 72
18.3  Side winds  
 73
19 
SLOW-MOVING VEHICLES  
 74
19.1  Military vehicles  
 74
19.2  Slow lorries  
 74
19.3  Queues likely  
 75
20 
LEVEL CROSSINGS  
 76
20.1  General  
 76
20.2  Power cables  
 78
20.3  Load gauge  
 79
20.4  Long vehicles  
 80
20.5  Countdown markers  
 82
20.6  New crossings  
 82
21 
CYCLING  
 83
21.1  General  
 83
22 
REFUGE INDICATOR LAMPS  
 84
22.1  General  
 84
Appendix A      
 85
Appendix B      
 88
LIST OF FIGURES 
91
LIST OF TABLES 
95
INDEX 
96

6 
1 
INTRODUCTION
1.1  General
1.1.1.  The Traffic Signs Manual (the Manual) offers advice to traffic authorities and their 
contractors, designers and managing agents in the United Kingdom, on the use of traffic signs 
and road markings on the highway network. Mandatory requirements are set out in the Traffic 
Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016 (as amended) (TSRGD). In Northern Ireland 
the relevant legislation is the Traffic Signs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1997 (as amended). 
Whilst the Manual can assist with complying with the mandatory requirements, it cannot provide 
a definitive legal interpretation, nor can it override them. This remains the prerogative of the 
courts or parking adjudicators in relation to the appearance and use of specific traffic signs, road 
markings etc. at specific locations.
1.1.2.  The advice is given to assist authorities in the discharge of their duties under section 
122 of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 and Part 2 of the Traffic Management Act 2004 in 
England and under Part 1 of the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984. Subject to compliance with the 
Directions, which are mandatory (see 

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