Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 4 Warning Signs

89 
APPENDIX
Diagram No. 
(TSRGD ref)
Description
x-height or plate size (mm) appropriate to the 
triangle heights shown (see Appendix A)
600
1
750
1
900
1200
2
1500
3
(S2‑2‑43)
Humps for ‘x’ yards in the direction 
indicated
50*/62.5
75
100
125
‑
(S2‑2‑43)
Hump ‘x’ yards in the direction 
indicated
50*/62.5
75
100
125
‑
(S2‑2‑46)
Gliders
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
150
(S2‑2‑56, 13‑2‑7)
Accident
62.5
75
100
125/150
200
563.1 (S14‑2‑7)
FIRE STATION STOP when lights 
show (x‑height of lower case 
legend)
62.5
75
100
100
‑
(S18‑3)
For ‘x’ miles
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
200
572 (S2‑5‑5)
‘x’ yds (when used with diagram 
530A or 531.1)
‑
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
(S2‑2)
‘x’ yds (when used with other 
warning signs)
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
200
572 (S2‑5‑5)
Distance and direction to hazard 
(when used with diagram 530A or 
531.1)
‑
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
(S2‑2)
Distance and direction to hazard 
(when used with other warning 
signs)
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
200
(S2‑2‑8 to 14, 20 
& 22)
Oncoming vehicles in middle of 
road
50/62.5
75
100
125
150
(S2‑2‑49)
Slow lorries for ‘x’ miles
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
200
(S2‑2‑50)
Queues likely
50/62.5
75
100
125/150
200
773 (S14‑2‑6)
STOP when lights show (x‑height 
of lower case legend)
62.5
75
100
125
‑
778 (S9‑2‑4)
Train symbol (plate size)
440 x 
420
550 x 
525
660 x 
630
660 x 
630
‑
778.1 (S9‑2‑5)
Tram symbol (plate size)
480 x 
300
600 x 
375
720 x 
450
720 x 
450
‑
(S2‑2‑54)
Safe height
50/62.5
75
100
125
‑
(S2‑2‑54)
Safe height at distance and in 
direction indicated
50/62.5
75
100
125
‑
(S2‑2‑54)
Safe height and load gauge
50/62.5
75
100
125
‑
817.2 (S2‑3‑3)
Escape lane ahead
50*/62.5
75
100
125
125
(S2‑2‑26, 
S13‑2‑8)
Child cycle tests
50*/62.5
75
100
‑
‑
7009.1 (S13‑4‑3)
Skid risk and maximum advised 
speed of 20 mph
50*/62.5
75
100
125
‑
NOTES
1. For the 600 mm and 750 mm size triangles, the smaller x‑height, where more than one is shown, is 
appropriate if the 85th percentile speed is 20 mph or less. Where a 50 mm x‑height is marked with an 
asterisk, this is the standard size for 85th percentile speeds up to 30 mph.

90 
APPENDIX
2. For the 1200 mm size triangle, the larger x‑height, where more than one is shown, should be used 
on dual carriageway roads where the national speed limit applies or on single carriageway roads where 
greater emphasis is required.
3. As a 1500 mm size sign is sometimes used in place of a 1200 mm sign (see 
Appendix A
, 
Table A-1
, 
note 2
)
, x‑heights for supplementary plates used in these circumstances are quoted even though that 
particular sign may not be used on motorways or all‑purpose dual carriageways with grade separated 
junctions. The larger x‑height, where more than one is shown, should be used on dual carriageway 
roads where the national speed limit applies or on single carriageway roads where greater emphasis is 
required.
4. The larger signs are intended for use on main roads when an arrow has been added to the plate 
indicating a humped pedestrian crossing in the minor road leading from the junction ahead.
5. Although permitted by the Regulations, diagram 530A is unlikely to be used with the supplementary 
plates to diagrams 572 and 573 (see section 
7
).

91 
LIST OF FIGURES
2‑1 
Diagram 501 (S2‑6‑1) Junction ahead controlled by GIVE WAY / STOP sign 
14
2‑2 
Diagram 504.1 (S2‑2‑1) Crossroads ahead 
16
2‑3 
Diagram 505.1 (S2‑2‑2) T‑junction ahead (alternative types) 
16
2‑4 
Diagram 506.1 (S2‑2‑3) Side road ahead (Alternative types) 
16
2‑5 
Diagram 507.1 (S2‑2‑4) Staggered junction ahead (Alternative types) 
17
2-6 
Diagram 508.1 (S2-2-5) Traffic merges ahead from the left 
17
2-7 
Diagram 509.1 (S2-2-6) Traffic merges ahead onto main carriageway 
17
2‑8 
Diagram 510 (S2‑2‑7) Roundabout ahead 
18
2‑9 
Diagram 511 (S2‑3‑1) Reduce speed now 
18
2‑10  Diagram 7014 (S13‑6‑37) New roundabout ahead 
19
3‑1 
Diagram 512 (S2‑2‑8) Bend ahead 
21
3‑2 
Diagram 512.1 (S2‑2‑9) Junction on the outside of a bend ahead (Alternative types)  21
3‑3 
Diagram 512.2 (S2‑2‑10) Junction on the inside of a bend ahead (Alternative types)  21
3‑4 
Diagram 512.3 (S2‑2‑11) Crossroads on a bend ahead (Alternative types) 
21
3‑5 
Diagram 513 (S2‑2‑12) Double bend or series of bends ahead (Alternative types) 
21
3‑6 
Diagram 513.1A (S2‑2‑4) Risk of lorries overturning on adverse camber and 
maximum speed advised (Alternative types) 
22
3‑7 
Diagram 513.2 (S2‑3‑2) Maximum speed advised 
23
3‑8 
Diagram 515 (S2‑6‑3) Sharp deviation of route 
23
4‑1 
Diagram 516 (S2‑2‑13) Road narrows on both sides ahead 
25
4‑2 
Diagram 517 (S2‑2‑14) Road narrows on one side ahead (Alternative types) 
25
4-3 
Single file traffic in each direction 
26
4‑4 
Road wide enough for one line of vehicles only 
26
4‑5 
Diagram 822 (S11‑2‑9) Passing place on a narrow road 
26
4‑6 
Diagram 821 (S11‑2‑8) Road ahead wide enough for one line of vehicles, and 
providing information about passing places 
27
4-7 
Diagram 872.1 (S11-2-15) Reduction in the number of traffic lanes ahead 
(Alternative types) 
27
5‑1 
Diagram 520 (S2‑2‑15) Dual carriageway ends ahead 
28
5-2 
Diagram 521 (S2-2-16) Two-way traffic 
28
5-3 
Diagram 522 (S2-2-17) Two-way traffic on route crossing ahead 
28
5‑4 
Signing at the end of a rural dual carriageway road 
29
5‑5 
Diagram 818.1 (S11‑2‑11) Section of dual carriageway ahead (distance may be 
reduced or omitted) 
30
5‑6 
Diagram 818.1A (S11‑2‑12) Distance over which a short length of dual 
carriageway road beginning directly ahead extends 
30
5‑7 
Diagram 7014 (S13‑6‑37) Gap closed ahead (variant) 
31
6‑1 
Diagram 523.1 (S2‑2‑18) Steep hill downwards ahead 
32
6‑2 
Diagram 524.1 (S2‑2‑19) Steep hill upwards ahead 
32
6‑3 
“Low gear” supplementary plates (Alternative types) 
32
6‑4 
Diagram 817.2 (S2‑3‑3) Escape lane ahead 
34
7‑1 
Diagram 528 (S2‑2‑20) Hump bridge ahead or other obstruction adjacent to the 
carriageway 35
7‑2 
Diagram 528.1 (S2‑4‑1) End of bridge parapet, abutment wall, tunnel mouth 
35
7‑3 
Diagram 529 (S2‑2‑21) Opening or swing bridge ahead 
36
7‑4 
Diagram 529.1 (S2‑2‑22) Tunnel ahead 
36
7‑5 
Diagram 892 (S11‑2‑10) Name and length of tunnel on a motorway 
36

92 
LIST OF FIGURES
7‑6 
Diagram 893 (S11‑2‑10) Name and length of tunnel on an all‑purpose road 
36
7‑7 
Diagram 7014.1 (S13‑6‑39) Reduction in bridge headroom ahead 
37
7‑8 
Diagram 818.4 (S12‑28‑22, Nature and location of a prohibition, restriction or 
requirement with indication of alternative route (variant showing mandatory 
height limit at low bridge ahead) 
39
7‑9 
Diagram 818.5 (S12‑28‑23) Available headroom at low bridge ahead and 
indication of alternative route (Advance sign for an arch bridge) 
39
7‑10  Diagram 818.4 (S12‑28‑22) Varied to mandatory height limit at low bridge ahead 
and indication of alternative routes 
39
7‑11 
Diagram 629.2A (S2‑4‑5) Mandatory height restriction (metric and imperial units) 
40
7‑12  Diagram 530.2 (S2‑5‑4) Reduced headroom at a hazard 
40
7‑13  Signs on approach to a non‑arch bridge with a diversionary route 
41
7‑14  Diagram 531.1A (S2‑4‑3) Available headroom at arch bridge ahead 
42
7‑15  Diagram 531.2 (S2‑5‑2) High vehicles to use the middle of the road at arch 
bridge ahead 
42
7‑16  Maximum headroom at centre of arch bridge indicated by a sign to diagram 
530A (S2‑4‑2) plus 532.4 (S2‑5‑3) 
43
7‑17  Signs on approach to an arch bridge with a diversionary route 
44
7‑18  Maximum headroom at side and in centre of arch bridge indicated by signs to 
diagram 530A plus 532.4 
45
7‑19  Diagram 530A (S2‑4‑2) Single sign showing available headroom in both metric 
and imperial units 
46
7‑20  Diagram 530.1 (S2‑5‑1) Building overhanging part of a carriageway 
46
8‑1 
Diagram 544 (S14‑2‑30) Zebra or Parallel crossing ahead 
47
8‑2 
Diagram 544.1 (S2‑2‑23) Pedestrians in road ahead 
48
8‑3 
No footway for distance indicated (S2‑2‑23) 
48
8‑4 
Diagram 544.2 (S2‑2‑24) Frail or disabled pedestrians likely to cross the road ahead  48
8‑5 
Disabled pedestrians likely to cross the road ahead (S2‑2‑24) 
48
8‑6 
Diagram 545 (S2‑2‑25) Children going to or from school or playground ahead 
49
8‑7 
School ahead (S2‑2‑25) 
49
8‑8 
Children’s playground ahead (S2‑2‑25) 
49
8‑9 
School crossing patrol ahead (S2‑2‑25)
8‑10  Disabled children likely to cross the road ahead (S2‑2‑25) 
49
8‑11 
Diagram 4004 (S14‑2‑23) Flashing amber lights (Alternative types) 
50
8‑12  Part‑time advisory 20 mph speed limit at or near a school (S14‑2‑69) 
50
8‑13  Diagram 547.8 (S14‑2‑31) Zebra crossing or signal‑controlled crossing on road 
hump ahead 
50
9‑1 
Diagram 548 (S2‑2‑27) Cattle likely to be in road ahead 
52
9‑2 
Diagram 4005 (S14‑2‑25) Cattle crossing lies ahead and may be in use 
52
9‑3 
Diagram 548.1A (S14‑2‑41) Supervised cattle crossing ahead 
52
9‑4 
Diagram 549 (S2‑2‑28) Sheep likely to be in road ahead 
52
9‑5 
Diagram 550 (S2‑2‑29) Wild horses likely to be in road ahead 
52
9‑6 
Diagram 551 (S2‑2‑32) Wild animals likely to be in road ahead 
52
9‑7 
Diagram 550.1 (S2‑2‑30) Accompanied horses or ponies likely to be in the road 
ahead 53
9‑8 
Diagram 550.2 (S2‑2‑31) Horse‑drawn vehicles likely to be in the road ahead 
53
9‑9 
Diagram 551.1 (S13‑2‑1) Migratory toad crossing ahead 
53
9‑10  Diagram 551.2 (S2‑2‑33) Wild fowl likely to be in road ahead 
53
9‑11 
Diagram 552 (S2‑2‑35) Cattle grid ahead 
54
9‑12  By‑pass of cattle grid (S2‑2‑35) 
54

93 
LIST OF FIGURES
9‑13  Diagram 553.1 (S2‑2‑34) Agricultural vehicles likely to be in road ahead 
54
9‑14  Agricultural vehicles (S2‑2‑34) 
54
9‑15  Diagram 554B (S2‑2‑36) Gate ahead 
55
9‑16  Diagram 554C (S2‑2‑37) Gates ahead 
55
10‑1  Diagram 554 (S2‑2‑38) Ford ahead 
56
10‑2  Diagram 554A (S13‑2‑2) Flood ahead 
56
10‑3  Diagram 554.1 (S2‑2‑39) Try your brakes 
56
10‑4  Depth gauge 
57
10‑5  Diagram 554.2 (S13‑2‑4) Risk of ice or packed snow ahead 
57
10‑6  Ice ahead (S13‑2‑4) 
57
10‑7  Diagram 555 (S2‑2‑40) Quayside or river bank 
58
10‑8  Diagram 555.1 (S2‑2‑41) Water course alongside road 
58
11‑1 
Diagram 556 (S13‑2‑5) Uneven road ahead 
59
11‑2 
Diagram 556.1 (S2‑2‑42) Soft verges ahead 
59
11‑3 
Soft verges for distance indicated (S2‑2‑42) 
59
11‑4 
Diagram 557 (S13‑2‑6) Slippery road ahead 
60
11‑5 
Diagram 7009 (S13‑2‑10) Loose chippings on road ahead 
60
11‑6 
Diagram 513.2 (S13‑4‑2) Maximum speed advised 
61
11‑7 
Diagram 7009.1 (S13‑4‑3) Risk of skidding and maximum speed 20 mph 
advised on road with loose chippings 
61
12‑1  Diagram 557.1 (S2‑2‑43) Road hump of series of road humps ahead 
62
12‑2  Road humps for the distance indicated 
63
12‑3  Road humps in the direction and for the distance indicated 
63
12‑4  Road hump in the direction and at the distance indicated 
63
12‑5  Range of signing that might be used where road humps are installed on 
adjacent roads within an area 
64
13-1  Diagram 558 (S2-2-46) Low-flying aircraft 
65
13‑2  Gliders supplementary plate 
65
13-3  Diagram 558.1 (S2-2-47) Low-flying helicopters 
65
14‑1  Diagram 559 (S2‑2‑44) Risk of falling or fallen rocks 
66
15‑1  Diagram 560 (S2‑6‑2) Hazard at edge of carriageway 
67
16‑1  Diagram 562 (S2‑2‑56 & S13‑2‑7) Other danger ahead 
69
16‑2  Plate showing the nature of the other danger (S2‑2‑56 & S13‑2‑7) 
69
16‑3  Diagram 563.1 (S14‑2‑7) Stop when lights show 
70
17‑1  Distance over which hazard exists 
71
17‑2  Distance to hazard 
71
17‑3  Distance and direction to hazard 
71
18‑1  Area infected by animal disease (S13‑9‑1) 
72
18‑2  Large vehicles in middle of road (S2‑2) 
72
18‑3  Diagram 581 (S2‑2‑45) Side winds likely ahead 
73
19‑1  Diagram 582 (S2‑2‑48) Slow‑moving military vehicles likely to be crossing or in 
road ahead 
74
19‑2  Diagram 583 (S2‑2‑49) Slow‑moving vehicles likely on incline ahead 
74
19‑3  Distance over which slow‑moving vehicles hazard exists 
74
19-4  Diagram 584 (S2-2-50) Traffic queues likely on road ahead 
75
19‑5  Queues likely on road ahead (S2‑2‑50) 
75
20‑1  Diagram 770 (S2‑2‑51) Level crossing with gate or barrier ahead 
76
20‑2  Diagram 771 (S2‑2‑52) Railway level crossing without gate or barrier ahead 
76
20‑3  Diagram 772 (S2‑2‑53) Tramcar crossing ahead 
77

94 
LIST OF FIGURES
20‑4  Diagram 773 (S14‑2‑6) Stop at level crossing, tramcar crossing, opening bridge 
or airfield when lights show 
77
20‑5  Diagram 774 (S2‑6‑4) Location of railway or tramway crossing without gate or barrier 77
20-6  Diagram 775 (S11-2-67) Vehicular traffic must not stop within the area of a 
railway or tramway level crossing 
77
20‑7  Diagram 776 (S14‑2‑8) Warning of another train or tramcar approaching the crossing 77
20‑8  Diagram 777 (S14‑28) Another train or tram passing 
77
20‑9  Diagram 778 (S9‑2‑4) Open railway level crossing without light signals 
78
20‑10  Diagram 778.1 (S9‑2‑5) Open tramway crossing without light signals 
78
20-11  Diagram 779 (S2-2-54) Electrified overhead cable ahead 
78
20‑12  Safe height beneath cable (S2‑2‑54) 
78
20‑13  Safe height beneath cable in direction and at distance indicated (S2‑2‑54) 
78
20‑14  Load gauge and safe height beneath cable (S2‑2‑54) 
79
20‑15  Diagram 781 (S2‑6‑5) Load gauge giving audible warning to drivers where 
vehicles exceed safe height under electrified overhead cables 
80
20‑16  Diagram 782 (S2‑2‑55) Risk of grounding at a railway or tramway level crossing 
or humped back bridge ahead 
80
20‑17  Diagram 783 (S11‑2‑68) Drivers of long low, large or slow vehicles must 
telephone to obtain permission before using a railway or tram crossing 
(Alternative types) 
80
20‑18  Diagram 784.1 (S9‑4‑4) Drivers of large or slow vehicles must stop and 
telephone before using a level crossing 
81
20‑19  Diagram 785.1 (S11‑2‑69) Name of level crossing and details of telephone 
number for contacting railway or tramway operator 
81
20‑20  Diagram 786 (S11‑2‑70) Parking place where large, slow or long vehicles 
should wait near a railway or tramway level crossing while the driver obtains 
permission by telephone to cross or confirms he or she has crossed 
81
20‑21  Diagram 787 (S11‑2‑71) Site of telephone or emergency telephone at or near a 
railway or tramway level crossing (Alternative types) 
81
20‑22  Diagram 788 (S11‑2‑72) Direction to telephone or emergency telephone at or 
near a railway or tramway level crossing (Alternative types) 
81
20‑23  Countdown markers to railway or tramway level crossing (S2‑6‑6) 
82
20-24  Diagram 790 (S14-2-67) New method of controlling traffic at a railway or 
tramway level crossing ahead 
82
21‑1  Diagram 950 (S2‑2‑6, S13‑2‑8) Cycle route, race or test ahead 
83
21‑2  Training or testing of child cyclists supplementary plate (S13‑2‑8) 
83
22‑1  Refuge beacon (S14‑1‑29) 
84

95 
LIST OF TABLES
2‑1 
Advance warning sign criteria, sizes and siting 
14
3‑1 
Diagram 513 “Double bend ahead” sign criteria 
22
4‑1 
Taper criteria for warning sign 
25
4‑2 
Size and siting of signs to diagram 872.1 
27
5‑1 
Taper at end of dual carriageway 
29
5‑2 
Size of dual carriageway signs 
30
6‑1 
Locations of signs for an escape lane 
33
8‑1 
Diagram 544 “Zebra or Parallel crossing ahead” sign criteria 
47
9‑1 
Criteria for cattle crossing places 
52
9‑2 
Criteria for horse crossing places 
53
20‑1  Load gauge sign criteria 
79
A‑1 
Sizes of warning signs and siting details 
85
A‑2 
Sizes and siting details for low headroom signs 
85
A‑3 
Recommended x‑heights for signs to diagrams 818.4 and 818.5 (S12‑28‑22 & 23) 
86
B‑1 
Sizes of supplementary plates 
88

96 
INDEX
ADS see advance direction signs
advance direction signs 2.2.4; 2.4.1; 2.4.2
with diversions 7.6.1; 7.6.2; 7.6.3
obstructions to 1.9.3
with warning signs 2.2.5
adverse camber 3.2; 3.2.2; Fig 3‑6; 3.3.1
“Adverse camber” 3.1.6; 3.2.1; Fig 3‑6
agricultural vehicles see farm traffic
aircraft 13.1; Fig 13‑1; Fig 13‑2; Fig 13‑2; Table A‑2
amber lights 8.4; Fig 8‑11; 9.2.1; 9.2.4
animal disease 18.1; Fig 18‑1
Animal Health Act 1981 18.1.1
animals 9.1
backing boards 1.8.3; 
1.12; 1.14.4
bilingual signs 1.16.2
bollards 1.3.3
rising Fig 16‑2
with roundabouts 5.4.1
boundaries 1.6.2; 18.1.1
bridges 7.1
arch 7.3.1; 7.3.2; 7.6.4; 
7.8; Fig 7‑9; Fig 7‑14; Fig 7‑15; 7.8.4; Fig 7‑16; Fig 7‑17; 
Fig 7‑18; 7.9.1; 18.2.1; Table A‑2; Table B‑1
composite 7.9
diversions 7.6; Fig 7‑17
height  7.4; 7.5
humped 7.1; Fig 20‑16
low 7.3; 7.6.2; Fig 7‑8; Fig 7‑9; Fig 7‑10; Fig 7‑17; 20.3.1; Table A‑2
non‑arch 7.6.1; 7.7;
 7.7.3; 7.7.5; Fig 7‑13
buildings 7.10; Fig 7‑20
camber see adverse camber

97 
INDEX
carriageway 5.1;
 see also dual carriageway
circulatory 3.2.2
edge 3.1.5
markings see road markings
merging traffic on 
2.3; Fig 2‑6; Fig 2‑7
narrowing 4.1.1; 4.1.6; 5.2.3; Fig 5‑1; Table 5‑1; Fig 5‑4
positioning of signs on 1.9.2; 2.1.1; 2.4.4; 4.1.7; Table 4‑2
single 4.1.1; 4.1.3; 5.1.1; 5.1.2; 5.2.3; 5.3.1; Table 5‑2; 8.4.3; 15.1.1; Table A‑2; Table B‑1
three‑lane 4.1.7; Table 4‑2
cattle 9.2; Fig 9‑1; Fig 9‑2; Fig 9‑3; Table 9‑1
grids 9.4; Fig 9‑11; Fig 9‑12
chevron signs 
3.4; Fig 3‑8; 10.3.1
design 3.4.10
mounting 3.4.3; 3.4.5; 3.4.7
positioning 3.4.6
children 
8.3; Fig 8‑6; Fig 8‑7; Fig 8‑8; 21.1.2
crossing 8.3.2; Fig 8‑6; Fig 8‑9; 8.3.4; 8.4.1
disabled 8.3.1; 8.3.2; Fig 8‑10; 8.4.1; Table B‑1
light signals Fig 8‑11; 8.4
chord markings 1.13.4; 7.3.2; 7.8.3; 7.8.4
clear visibility distance 1.9.3; 1.9.4; 1.14.3; 2.1.1; Table 2‑1; Table 8‑1; Table 9‑1; Table 9‑2; 
Table A‑1; see also sight line
clutter see sign clutter
columns see lighting columns
conspicuity 1.13.1; 1.14.1
increasing 1.8.3; 
1.12; 3.4.3; 7.1.2; 7.3.1; 7.7.4; Fig 7‑13; 15.1.3
countdown markers 2.4.5; 
20.5; Fig 20‑3
cycles 21
routes 21.1.1; Fig 21‑1
tests Fig 21‑2
cyclists 21
deer 9.3.1; Fig 9‑6
Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) 1.1.3; 1.2.1; 1.4.3

98 
INDEX
Department for Transport 1.1.3; 1.8.4
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) 1.5.1; 1.14.1; 4.1.3; 9.2.4; 11.3.1; Table A‑3
deviation of route 3
bends 3.1; Fig 3‑1; Fig 3‑2; Fig 3‑3; Fig 3‑8
directional signs 1.6.3; 2.2.5; 7.6.2; 7.8.2; Table A‑2
Directions see Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016
disabled pedestrians 8.2.2; 8.2.3; Fig 8‑2; Fig 8‑4; Fig 8‑5
Diseases of Animals (NI) Order 1981 18.1.1
DMRB see Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
drawings 
1.16; 2.2.2; 6.1.8
dual carriageways 5
bends 3.1.4
end 1.9.2; Fig 5‑1; 5.2.3
gaps 5.5.1; 5.6.3
headroom 7.3.2; Table A‑2
junctions 2.1.1; Fig 2‑1; 5.6.3
narrowing 4.1.6; 5.1.1; Table 5‑1; Fig 5‑4; 5.2.5
positioning of signs 5.2.6; 5.6.1; 15.1.1; 19.2.2; 19.3.3
roundabouts 2.4.2; 2.4.5; 5.2.5; 5.4.1
plate sizes Table 5‑2; Table B‑1
start 5.3; Fig 5‑5; Fig 5‑6
“Dual carriageway”; “Dual carriageway ahead” 5.3.1; Fig 5‑5; 5.6.1
“Dual carriageway for” Fig 5‑6
duplicate signs 1.9.2; 2.4.2; 5.2.6; 9.4.1; 20.1.6; 20.1.8; 20.5.1
electrified overhead cable see power cable
“End” Fig 18‑1
equestrians 9.1.1; 9.3.1; Fig 9‑5; 9.3.2; Fig 9‑7; Fig 9‑8; Table 9‑2; 9.4.1; Table B‑1
“Escape lane ahead” 6.1.8; Table 6‑1; Fig 6‑4
Falling rocks 14.1; Fig 14‑1
Farm traffic 9.5; Fig 9‑13; Fig 9‑14; Table B‑1
flag-type signs see directional signs
‘Flood’ 1.15.1; 
10.1; 10.1.2; Fig 10‑2; 10.1.5; 10.3.2; Fig 16‑2

99 
INDEX
fluorescence 1.12.1; 1.12.2; 7.1.2; 7.3.1; 7.7.4; 7.8.4; 7.9.3
footway 1.10.1; Fig 7‑13; Fig 7‑17; 8.2.1; Fig 8‑2; Fig 8‑3; 8.3.3; 9.2.6; 11.2.1; Table B‑1
“For” Fig 5‑2
‘Ford’ 
10.1; Fig 10‑1; 10.1.3; 10.1.4; 10.1.5
gaps 2.1.1; 5.3.4; 5.5; Fig 5‑7; 5.6.3
“Gap closed ahead” 1.8.5; Fig 5‑7
gates 9.6; Fig 9‑15; Fig 9‑16
at level crossing 20.1.2; Fig 20‑1; Fig 20‑2; 20.1.3; 20.1.5; Fig 20‑5
gateway 12.1.3
“Give way” 1.11.2; 2.1.1; 
Fig 2-1; Table 2‑1; 2.2.2; 2.4.5; 5.6.1; 20.1.9; Table B‑1
hatch markings see road markings, hatch
hazard 1.6; 1.9.1; 3.1.3; 3.3.1; 4.1.1; 7.3.1; 11.4.1; 
15; 18; Table A‑1
duration 17.1.2–17.1.4; Fig 17‑1; 18.3.2
markers 1.9.2; 1.11.3; 1.13.4; 4.1.2; 7.1.1; 7.3.2; 10.3.1; 15.1.1; 15.1.3; 15.1.6
temporary 1.15.2; 10.1.2; 16.1.3
headroom 1.10.1; 7.4.1; 7.5.1–7.5.2; Table A‑2
bridges 1.15.1; 7.3.1–7.3.4; Fig 7‑7; 7.3.5; 7.6.4; Fig 7‑9; 7.7.2; Fig 7‑12; Fig 7‑14; 
Fig 7‑16; Fig 7‑18; 7.8.4; 7.9.2
buildings 7.10.1
cattle crossing 9.2.6
hard shoulder 7.3.2
height of signs see mounting, heights
helicopter see aircraft
Highways (Road Humps) Regulations 1999 12.1.1
hills 3.4.7; 
6.1; Table 6‑1; Fig 6‑4; Fig 10‑3; 10.1.4; 19.2.2
brow 3.4.7; 19.3.1; 22.1.1
gradient 3.2.1; 6.1.2; Fig 6‑1; Fig 6‑2; 6.1.4–6.1.7; 6.1.9; 6.1.10; 7.3.5; 19.2.1; 19.2.2; 
Fig 19‑2; Table A‑2
horses see equestrian
horse‑drawn vehicle 9.3.2; Fig 9‑8; 9.4.1; Table B‑1
humped crossing 8.5; Fig 8‑13; 12.1.6; Table B‑1
ice 1.15.1; 

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