This page intentionally left blank Python for Software Design

Document Outline

• Cover
• Half-title
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
  • THE STRANGE HISTORY OF THIS BOOK
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • CONTRIBUTOR LIST
• Python for Software Design
• 1 The Way of the Program
  • 1.1 THE PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
  • 1.2 WHAT IS A PROGRAM?
  • 1.3 WHAT IS DEBUGGING?
    • 1.3.1 Syntax Errors
    • 1.3.2 Runtime Errors
    • 1.3.3 Semantic Errors
    • 1.3.4 Experimental Debugging
  • 1.4 FORMAL AND NATURAL LANGUAGES
    • Exercise 1.1
  • 1.5 THE FIRST PROGRAM
  • 1.6 DEBUGGING
  • 1.7 GLOSSARY
  • 1.8 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 1.2
    • Exercise 1.3
    • Exercise 1.4
• 2 Variables, Expressions, and Statements
  • 2.1 VALUES AND TYPES
  • 2.2 VARIABLES
    • Exercise 2.1
  • 2.3 VARIABLE NAMES AND KEYWORDS
  • 2.4 STATEMENTS
  • 2.5 OPERATORS AND OPERANDS
  • 2.6 EXPRESSIONS
    • Exercise 2.2
  • 2.7 ORDER OF OPERATIONS
  • 2.8 STRING OPERATIONS
  • 2.9 COMMENTS
  • 2.10 DEBUGGING
  • 2.11 GLOSSARY
  • 2.12 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 2.3
    • Exercise 2.4
• 3 Functions
  • 3.1 FUNCTION CALLS
  • 3.2 TYPE CONVERSION FUNCTIONS
  • 3.3 MATH FUNCTIONS
  • 3.4 COMPOSITION
  • 3.5 ADDING NEW FUNCTIONS
  • 3.6 DEFINITIONS AND USES
    • Exercise 3.1
    • Exercise 3.2
  • 3.7 FLOW OF EXECUTION
  • 3.8 PARAMETERS AND ARGUMENTS
  • 3.9 VARIABLES AND PARAMETERS ARE LOCAL
  • 3.10 STACK DIAGRAMS
  • 3.11 FRUITFUL FUNCTIONS AND VOID FUNCTIONS
  • 3.12 WHY FUNCTIONS?
  • 3.13 DEBUGGING
  • 3.14 GLOSSARY
  • 3.15 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 3.3
    • Exercise 3.4
    • Exercise 3.5
• 4 Case Study: Interface Design
  • 4.1 TURTLEWORLD
  • 4.2 SIMPLE REPETITION
  • 4.3 EXERCISES
  • 4.4 ENCAPSULATION
  • 4.5 GENERALIZATION
  • 4.6 INTERFACE DESIGN
  • 4.7 REFACTORING
  • 4.8 A DEVELOPMENT PLAN
  • 4.9 DOCSTRING
  • 4.10 DEBUGGING
  • 4.11 GLOSSARY
  • 4.12 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 4.1
    • Exercise 4.2
    • Exercise 4.3
    • Exercise 4.4
• 5 Conditionals and Recursion
  • 5.1 MODULUS OPERATOR
  • 5.2 BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS
  • 5.3 LOGICAL OPERATORS
  • 5.4 CONDITIONAL EXECUTION
  • 5.5 ALTERNATIVE EXECUTION
  • 5.6 CHAINED CONDITIONALS
  • 5.7 NESTED CONDITIONALS
  • 5.8 RECURSION
  • 5.9 STACK DIAGRAMS FOR RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS
  • 5.10 INFINITE RECURSION
  • 5.11 KEYBOARD INPUT
  • 5.12 DEBUGGING
  • 5.13 GLOSSARY
  • 5.14 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 5.1
    • Exercise 5.2
    • Exercise 5.3
    • Exercise 5.4
• 6 Fruitful Functions
  • 6.1 RETURN VALUES
    • Exercise 6.1
  • 6.2 INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
    • Exercise 6.2
  • 6.3 COMPOSITION
  • 6.4 BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS
    • Exercise 6.3
  • 6.5 MORE RECURSION
  • 6.6 LEAP OF FAITH
  • 6.7 ONE MORE EXAMPLE
  • 6.8 CHECKING TYPES
  • 6.9 DEBUGGING
  • 6.10 GLOSSARY
  • 6.11 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 6.4
    • Exercise 6.5
    • Exercise 6.6
    • Exercise 6.7
    • Exercise 6.8
• 7 Iteration
  • 7.1 MULTIPLE ASSIGNMENT
  • 7.2 UPDATING VARIABLES
  • 7.3 THE while STATEMENT
    • Exercise 7.1
  • 7.4 break
  • 7.5 SQUARE ROOTS
    • Exercise 7.2
  • 7.6 ALGORITHMS
  • 7.7 DEBUGGING
  • 7.8 GLOSSARY
  • 7.9 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 7.3
    • Exercise 7.4
    • Exercise 7.5
• 8 Strings
  • 8.1 A STRING IS A SEQUENCE
  • 8.2 len
  • 8.3 TRAVERSAL WITH A for LOOP
    • Exercise 8.1
    • Exercise 8.2
  • 8.4 STRING SLICES
    • Exercise 8.3
  • 8.5 STRINGS ARE IMMUTABLE
  • 8.6 SEARCHING
    • Exercise 8.4
  • 8.7 LOOPING AND COUNTING
    • Exercise 8.5
    • Exercise 8.6
  • 8.8 string METHODS
    • Exercise 8.7
  • 8.9 THE in OPERATOR
  • 8.10 STRING COMPARISON
  • 8.11 DEBUGGING
    • Exercise 8.8
  • 8.12 GLOSSARY
  • 8.13 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 8.9
    • Exercise 8.10
    • Exercise 8.11
    • Exercise 8.12
• 9 Case Study: Word Play
  • 9.1 READING WORD LISTS
    • Exercise 9.1
  • 9.2 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 9.2
    • Exercise 9.3
    • Exercise 9.4
    • Exercise 9.5
    • Exercise 9.6
  • 9.3 SEARCH
  • 9.4 LOOPING WITH INDICES
  • 9.5 DEBUGGING
  • 9.6 GLOSSARY
  • 9.7 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 9.7
    • Exercise 9.8
    • Exercise 9.9
• 10 Lists
  • 10.1 A LIST IS A SEQUENCE
  • 10.2 LISTS ARE MUTABLE
  • 10.3 TRAVERSING A LIST
  • 10.4 LIST OPERATIONS
  • 10.5 LIST SLICES
  • 10.6 LIST METHODS
  • 10.7 MAP, FILTER, AND REDUCE
    • Exercise 10.1
  • 10.8 DELETING ELEMENTS
  • 10.9 LISTS AND STRINGS
  • 10.10 OBJECTS AND VALUES
  • 10.11 ALIASING
  • 10.12 LIST ARGUMENTS
    • Exercise 10.2
  • 10.13 DEBUGGING
  • 10.14 GLOSSARY
  • 10.15 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 10.3
    • Exercise 10.4
    • Exercise 10.5
    • Exercise 10.6
    • Exercise 10.7
    • Exercise 10.8
    • Exercise 10.9
    • Exercise 10.10
• 11 Dictionaries
  • 11.1 DICTIONARY AS A SET OF COUNTERS
    • Exercise 11.2
  • 11.2 LOOPING AND DICTIONARIES
    • Exercise 11.3
  • 11.3 REVERSE LOOKUP
    • Exercise 11.4
  • 11.4 DICTIONARIES AND LISTS
    • Exercise 11.5
  • 11.5 MEMOS
    • Exercise 11.6
  • 11.6 GLOBAL VARIABLES
  • 11.7 LONG INTEGERS
    • Exercise 11.7
  • 11.8 DEBUGGING
  • 11.9 GLOSSARY
  • 11.10 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 11.8
    • Exercise 11.9
    • Exercise 11.10
• 12 Tuples
  • 12.1 TUPLES ARE IMMUTABLE
  • 12.2 TUPLE ASSIGNMENT
  • 12.3 TUPLES AS RETURN VALUES
  • 12.4 VARIABLE-LENGTH ARGUMENT TUPLES
    • Exercise 12.1
  • 12.5 LISTS AND TUPLES
  • 12.6 DICTIONARIES AND TUPLES
  • 12.7 COMPARING TUPLES
    • Exercise 12.2
  • 12.8 SEQUENCES OF SEQUENCES
  • 12.9 DEBUGGING
  • 12.10 GLOSSARY
  • 12.11 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 12.3
    • Exercise 12.4
    • Exercise 12.5
• 13 Case Study: Data Structure Selection
  • 13.1 WORD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
    • Exercise 13.1
    • Exercise 13.2
    • Exercise 13.3
    • Exercise 13.4
  • 13.2 RANDOM NUMBERS
    • Exercise 13.5
  • 13.3 WORD HISTOGRAM
  • 13.4 MOST COMMON WORDS
  • 13.5 OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
  • 13.6 DICTIONARY SUBTRACTION
    • Exercise 13.6
  • 13.7 RANDOM WORDS
    • Exercise 13.7
  • 13.8 MARKOV ANALYSIS
    • Exercise 13.8
  • 13.9 DATA STRUCTURES
  • 13.10 DEBUGGING
  • 13.11 GLOSSARY
  • 13.12 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 13.9
• 14 Files
  • 14.1 PERSISTENCE
  • 14.2 READING AND WRITING
  • 14.3 FORMAT OPERATOR
  • 14.4 FILENAMES AND PATHS
    • Exercise 14.1
    • Exercise 14.2
  • 14.5 CATCHING EXCEPTIONS
  • 14.6 DATABASES
  • 14.7 PICKLING
    • Exercise 14.3
  • 14.8 PIPES
  • 14.9 WRITING MODULES
    • Exercise 14.4
  • 14.10 DEBUGGING
  • 14.11 GLOSSARY
  • 14.12 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 14.5
    • Exercise 14.6
    • Exercise 14.7
• 15 Classes and Objects
  • 15.1 USER-DEFINED TYPES
  • 15.2 ATTRIBUTES
    • Exercise 15.1
  • 15.3 RECTANGLES
  • 15.4 INSTANCES AS RETURN VALUES
  • 15.5 OBJECTS ARE MUTABLE
    • Exercise 15.2
  • 15.6 COPYING
    • Exercise 15.3
  • 15.7 DEBUGGING
  • 15.8 GLOSSARY
  • 15.9 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 15.4
• 16 Classes and Functions
  • 16.1 TIME
    • Exercise 16.1
    • Exercise 16.2
  • 16.2 PURE FUNCTIONS
  • 16.3 MODIFIERS
    • Exercise 16.3
    • Exercise 16.4
  • 16.4 PROTOTYPING VERSUS PLANNING
    • Exercise 16.5
  • 16.5 DEBUGGING
  • 16.6 GLOSSARY
  • 16.7 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 16.6
    • Exercise 16.7
    • Exercise 16.8
• 17 Classes and Methods
  • 17.1 OBJECT-ORIENTED FEATURES
  • 17.2 PRINTING OBJECTS
    • Exercise 17.1
  • 17.3 ANOTHER EXAMPLE
  • 17.4 A MORE COMPLICATED EXAMPLE
  • 17.5 THE INIT METHOD
    • Exercise 17.2
  • 17.6 THE METHOD
    • Exercise 17.3
  • 17.7 OPERATOR OVERLOADING
    • Exercise 17.4
  • 17.8 TYPE-BASED DISPATCH
    • Exercise 17.5
  • 17.9 POLYMORPHISM
  • 17.10 DEBUGGING
  • 17.11 GLOSSARY
  • 17.12 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 17.6
    • Exercise 17.7
• 18 Inheritance
  • 18.1 CARD OBJECTS
  • 18.2 CLASS ATTRIBUTES
  • 18.3 COMPARING CARDS
    • Exercise 18.1
  • 18.4 DECKS
  • 18.5 PRINTING THE DECK
  • 18.6 ADD, REMOVE, SHUFFLE, AND SORT
    • Exercise 18.2
  • 18.7 INHERITANCE
    • Exercise 18.3
  • 18.8 CLASS DIAGRAMS
    • Exercise 18.4
  • 18.9 DEBUGGING
  • 18.10 GLOSSARY
  • 18.11 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 18.5
    • Exercise 18.6
• 19 Case Study: Tkinter
  • 19.1 GUI
  • 19.2 BUTTONS AND CALLBACKS
    • Exercise 19.1
  • 19.3 CANVAS WIDGETS
    • Exercise 19.2
  • 19.4 COORDINATE SEQUENCES
  • 19.5 MORE WIDGETS
    • Exercise 19.3
  • 19.6 PACKING WIDGETS
  • 19.7 MENUS AND CALLABLES
  • 19.8 BINDING
  • 19.9 DEBUGGING
  • 19.10 GLOSSARY
  • 19.11 EXERCISES
    • Exercise 19.4
    • Exercise 19.5
    • Exercise 19.6
• Appendix Debugging
  • A.1 SYNTAX ERRORS
    • A.1.1 I Keep Making Changes and It Makes No Difference
  • A.2 RUNTIME ERRORS
    • A.2.1 My Program Does Absolutely Nothing
      • A.2.2 My Program Hangs
        • A.2.2.1 Infinite Loop
        • A.2.2.2 Infinite Recursion
        • A.2.2.3 Flow of Execution
      • A.2.3 When I Run the Program I Get an Exception
      • A.2.4 I Added so Many print Statements I Get Inundated with Output
  • A.3 SEMANTIC ERRORS
    • A.3.1 My Program Does not Work
    • A.3.2 I’ve Got A Big Hairy Expression and It Doesn’t Do What I Expect
    • A.3.3 I’ve Got a Function or Method That Doesn’t Return What I Expect
    • A.3.4 I’m Really, Really Stuck and I Need Help
    • A.3.5 No, I Really Need Help
• Index