Table 2. The Summary of the Meaning Nuances of Wishing
Verbs in Vietnamese
Wishing Verbs
Meaning Nuances
Hy v
ọng
- believe and expect good things to
occur
Mu
ốn
- desire for something
- have the sign of moving to another
state
Mong
- expect and wait for something
happening soon.
Ước
- wish for something which is difficult
or impossible to achieve.
Khao khát
- desire strongly for something
Thèm
- desire with insistence
6.3. Similarities and Differences between English and
Vietnamese Verbs Denoting Wishes in Terms of
Semantics
6.3.1. Similarities
First, in a clause of mental process, there is always
one participant who is human, this is the Senser (or
Experiencer): the one that “senses” – feels, thinks, wants
or perceives, for example: Hanne in “Hanne wanted Jim
to go”. More accurately, we should say human-like, the
significant feature of the Senser is that of being “endowed
with consciousness”. Expressed in grammatical terms, the
participant that is engaged in the mental process is the one
that is referred to pronominally as he or she, not as it.
However, exceptions to this are cases of personification.
That is, cases in which an inanimate participant can be
treated as if it were human with consciousness as in “The
empty housewas longing for the children to return”.
(Simply by putting “the empty house” in this grammatical
environment, as something that felt a longing, we cause it
to be understood as endowed with consciousness). In
Vietnamese, it is quite natural to say: “Ngôi nhà v
ắng
l
ặngtrông mong bọn trẻ trở về”. The second participant in
a mental process is called the Phenomenon, realized by a
nominal group or embedded clause summing up what is
felt, thought, wanted, perceived or liked / disliked.
Second, in English and Vietnamese, there exist
wishing verbs like “want, wish, desire, long” and “mu
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