Insight review articles
particles by reducing expression of the heparan sulphate
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Điều trị THA cấp cứu
- Điều hướng trang này:
- Mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage
- Increased polyol pathway flux
- Michael Brownlee
particles by reducing expression of the heparan sulphate proteoglycan perlecan on hepatocytes 4 . Associations of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis risk factors with glycaemia have been shown over a broad range of glucose tolerance, from normal to diabetic. Postprandial hypergly- caemia may be more predictive of atherosclerosis than is fasting plasma glucose level or haemoglobin A1c 11 . Whether postprandial hyperglycaemia is an independent risk factor is controversial and requires further study. Mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage How do these diverse microvascular and macrovascular pathologies all result from hyperglycaemia? Four main hypotheses about how hyperglycaemia causes diabetic complications have generated a large amount of data, as well as several clinical trials based on specific inhibitors of these mechanisms. The four hypotheses are: increased polyol pathway flux; increased advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation; activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms; and increased hexosamine pathway flux. Until recently there was no unifying hypothesis linking these four mechanisms. Increased polyol pathway flux Aldose reductase (alditol:NAD(P) + 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) is the first enzyme in the polyol pathway. It is a cytosolic, monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, including glucose. Its crystal structure has a single domain folded into an eight-stranded parallel a/b-barrel motif, with the substrate-binding site located in a cleft at the carboxy-terminal end of the b-barrel 12 . Aldose Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications Michael Brownlee Departments of Medicine and Pathology, and Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA (e-mail: brownlee@aecom.yu.edu) tải về 382.68 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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