From Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana (CS) Released by Dhammavassārāma 法雨道場

(D.30.) (3-7) Lakkhaṇasuttaṁ三十二相經

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(D.30.) (3-7) Lakkhaṇasuttaṁ三十二相經

《中阿含59經》三十二相經(T1.493)

(D.30./III,142.)

(D.30.)Dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni

198. Evaṁ (CS:pg.3.117) me sutaṁ-- Ekaṁ samayaṁ Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati Jetavane Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho Bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi-- “Bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhaddante”ti § te bhikkhū Bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca--

199. “Dvattiṁsimāni, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti; seyyathidaṁ, cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado§ .

200. “Katamāni ca tāni, bhikkhave, dvattiṁsa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa (D.30./III,143.) dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā? Sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado.

“Idha, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso (1)suppatiṭṭhitapādo hoti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso suppatiṭṭhitapādo hoti, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ bhavati.

“Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa(2)heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni§ . Yampi (CS:pg.3.118) bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ bhavati.

“Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso (3)āyatapaṇhi hoti …pe…(4)dīghaṅguli hoti…(7)mudutalunahatthapādo hoti…(8)jālahatthapādo hoti…(9)ussaṅkhapādo hoti…(11)eṇijaṅgho hoti…(16)ṭhitakova anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati…(14)kosohitavatthaguyho hoti…(13)suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hoti kañcanasannibhattaco…(12)sukhumacchavi hoti, sukhumattā chaviyā rajojallaṁ kāye na upalimpati… (D.30./III,144.) (24)ekekalomo hoti, ekekāni lomāni lomakūpesu jātāni…(10)uddhaggalomo hoti, uddhaggāni lomāni jātāni nīlāni añjanavaṇṇāni kuṇḍalāvaṭṭāni§ dakkhiṇāvaṭṭakajātāni § …(5)brahmujugatto hoti…(6)sattussado hoti…(17)sīhapubbaddhakāyo hoti…(18)citantaraṁso§ hoti…(15)nigrodhaparimaṇḍalo hoti, yāvatakvassa kāyo tāvatakvassa byāmo yāvatakvassa byāmo tāvatakvassa kāyo…(19)samavaṭṭakkhandho hoti…(20)rasaggasaggī hoti…(31)sīhahanu hoti…(26)cattālīsadanto hoti (31)samadanto hoti…(27)aviraḷadanto hoti…(32)susukkadāṭho hoti…(28)pahūtajivho hoti…(29)brahmassaro hoti karavīkabhāṇī…(21)abhinīlanetto hoti…(22)gopakhumo hoti…(25)uṇṇā bhamukantare jātā hoti, odātā mudutūlasannibhā. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa uṇṇā bhamukantare jātā hoti, odātā mudutūlasannibhā, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ bhavati.

(D.30./III,145.) “Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso uṇhīsasīso hoti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso (23)uṇhīsasīso hoti, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ bhavati.

“Imāni kho tāni, bhikkhave, dvattiṁsa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace (CS:pg.3.119) agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado.

“Imāni kho, bhikkhave, dvattiṁsa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni bāhirakāpi isayo dhārenti, no ca kho te jānanti-- ‘imassa kammassa kaṭattā idaṁ lakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhatī’ti.

(D.30.) (1) Suppatiṭṭhitapādatālakkhaṇaṁ

201. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno daḷhasamādāno ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, avatthitasamādāno kāyasucarite vacīsucarite manosucarite dānasaṁvibhāge sīlasamādāne uposathupavāse matteyyatāya petteyyatāya sāmaññatāya brahmaññatāya kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitāya aññataraññataresu ca adhikusalesu (D.30./III,146.) dhammesu. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati. So tattha aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhiggaṇhāti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena dibbena sukhena dibbena yasena dibbena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi dibbehi saddehi dibbehi gandhehi dibbehi rasehi dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. So tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati. (1)Suppatiṭṭhitapādo hoti. Samaṁ pādaṁ bhūmiyaṁ nikkhipati, samaṁ uddharati, samaṁ sabbāvantehi pādatalehi bhūmiṁ phusati.

202. “So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti; seyyathidaṁ, cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ akhilamanimittamakaṇṭakaṁ iddhaṁ phītaṁ khemaṁ sivaṁ nirabbudaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati (CS:pg.3.120) Rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Akkhambhiyo§ hoti kenaci manussabhūtena paccatthikena paccāmittena. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati. “Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Akkhambhiyo hoti abbhantarehi vā bāhirehi vā paccatthikehi paccāmittehi rāgena vā dosena vā mohena vā samaṇena (D.30./III,147.) vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

203. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Sacce ca dhamme ca dame ca saṁyame,

Soceyyasīlālayuposathesu ca.

Dāne ahiṁsāya asāhase rato,

Daḷhaṁ samādāya samattamācari§ .

“So tena kammena divaṁ samakkami§ ,

Sukhañca Khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhi§ .

Tato cavitvā punarāgato idha,

Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṁ.

“Byākaṁsu veyyañjanikā samāgatā,

Samappatiṭṭhassa na hoti khambhanā.

Gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā puna§ ,

Taṁ lakkhaṇaṁ bhavati tadatthajotakaṁ.

“Akkhambhiyo hoti agāramāvasaṁ,

Parābhibhū sattubhi nappamaddano.

Manussabhūtenidha hoti kenaci,

Akkhambhiyo tassa phalena kammuno.

“Sace (CS:pg.3.121) ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso,

Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo.

Aggo na so gacchati jātu khambhanaṁ,

Naruttamo esa hi tassa dhammatā”ti.

(D.30.) (2) Pādatalacakkalakkhaṇaṁ

204. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno (D.30./III,148.) bahujanassa sukhāvaho ahosi, ubbega-uttāsabhayaṁ apanuditā, dhammikañca rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidhātā, saparivārañca dānaṁ adāsi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati. (2)Heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni suvibhattantarāni.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāparivāro hoti; mahāssa honti parivārā brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāparivāro hoti; mahāssa honti parivārā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

205. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Pure puratthā purimāsu jātisu,

Manussabhūto bahunaṁ sukhāvaho.

Ubbhega-uttāsabhayāpanūdano,

Guttīsu rakkhāvaraṇesu ussuko.

(D.30./III,149.) “So (CS:pg.3.122) tena kammena divaṁ samakkami,

Sukhañca Khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhi.

Tato cavitvā punarāgato idha,

Cakkāni pādesu duvesu vindati.

“Samantanemīni sahassarāni ca,

Byākaṁsu veyyañjanikā samāgatā.

Disvā kumāraṁ satapuññalakkhaṇaṁ,

Parivāravā hessati sattumaddano.

Tathā hī cakkāni samantanemini,

Sace na pabbajjamupeti tādiso.

Vatteti cakkaṁ pathaviṁ pasāsati,

Tassānuyantādha§ bhavanti khattiyā.

“Mahāyasaṁ saṁparivārayanti naṁ,

Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso.

Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo,

Devāmanussāsurasakkarakkhasā§ .

“Gandhabbanāgā vihagā catuppadā,

Anuttaraṁ devamanussapūjitaṁ.

Mahāyasaṁ saṁparivārayanti nan”ti.

(D.30.) (3- 5) Āyatapaṇhitāditilakkhaṇaṁ

206. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato ahosi nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī vihāsi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni tīṇi mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni (D.30./III,150.) paṭilabhati. (3)Āyatapaṇhi ca hoti, (4)dīghaṅguli ca (5)brahmujugatto ca.

“So (CS:pg.3.123) tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Dīghāyuko hoti ciraṭṭhitiko, dīghamāyuṁ pāleti, na sakkā hoti antarā jīvitā voropetuṁ kenaci manussabhūtena paccatthikena paccāmittena Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Dīghāyuko hoti ciraṭṭhitiko, dīghamāyuṁ pāleti, na sakkā hoti antarā jīvitā voropetuṁ paccatthikehi paccāmittehi samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

207. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Māraṇavadhabhayattano§ viditvā,

Paṭivirato paraṁ māraṇāyahosi.

Tena sucaritena saggamagamā§ ,

Sukataphalavipākamanubhosi.

“Caviya punaridhāgato samāno,

Paṭilabhati idha tīṇi lakkhaṇāni.

Bhavati vipuladīghapāsaṇhiko,

Brahmāva suju subho sujātagatto.

“Subhujo susu susaṇṭhito sujāto,

Mudutalunaṅguliyassa honti.

Dīghā (D.30./III,151.) tībhi purisavaraggalakkhaṇehi,

Cirayapanāya§ kumāramādisanti.

“Bhavati yadi gihī ciraṁ yapeti,

Cirataraṁ pabbajati yadi tato hi.

Yāpayati ca vasiddhibhāvanāya,

Iti dīghāyukatāya taṁ nimittan”ti.

(D.30.) (6) Sattussadatālakkhaṇaṁ

208. “Yampi (CS:pg.3.124) bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno dātā ahosi paṇītānaṁ rasitānaṁ khādanīyānaṁ bhojanīyānaṁ sāyanīyānaṁ lehanīyānaṁ pānānaṁ. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati, (6)sattussado hoti, sattassa ussadā honti; ubhosu hatthesu ussadā honti, ubhosu pādesu ussadā honti, ubhosu aṁsakūṭesu ussadā honti, khandhe ussado hoti.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Lābhī hoti paṇītānaṁ rasitānaṁ khādanīyānaṁ bhojanīyānaṁ sāyanīyānaṁ lehanīyānaṁ pānānaṁ. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Lābhī hoti paṇītānaṁ rasitānaṁ khādanīyānaṁ bhojanīyānaṁ sāyanīyānaṁ lehanīyānaṁ pānānaṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. (D.30./III,152.) Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

209. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Khajjabhojjamatha leyya sāyiyaṁ,

Uttamaggarasadāyako ahu.

Tena so sucaritena kammunā,

Nandane ciramabhippamodati.

“Satta cussade idhādhigacchati,

Hatthapādamudutañca vindati.

Āhu byañjananimittakovidā,

Khajjabhojjarasalābhitāya naṁ.

“Yaṁ gihissapi§ tadatthajotakaṁ,

Pabbajjampi ca tadādhigacchati.

Khajjabhojjarasalābhiruttamaṁ,

Āhu sabbagihibandhanacchidan”ti.

(D.30.) (7- 8) Karacaraṇamudujālatālakkhaṇāni

210. “Yampi (CS:pg.3.125) bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi janaṁ saṅgāhako ahosi-- dānena peyyavajjena§ atthacariyāya samānattatāya. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve (D.30./III,153.) mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (7)Mudutalunahatthapādo ca hoti (8)jālahatthapādo ca.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Susaṅgahitaparijano hoti, susaṅgahitāssa honti brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Susaṅgahitaparijano hoti, susaṅgahitāssa honti bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

211. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Dānampi catthacariyatañca§ ,

Piyavāditañca samānattatañca§ .

Kariyacariyasusaṅgahaṁ bahūnaṁ,

Anavamatena guṇena yāti saggaṁ.

“Caviya punaridhāgato samāno,

Karacaraṇamudutañca jālino ca.

Atirucirasuvaggudassaneyyaṁ,

Paṭilabhati daharo susu kumāro.

(D.30./III,154.) “Bhavati (CS:pg.3.126) parijanassavo vidheyyo,

Mahimaṁ āvasito susaṅgahito.

Piyavadū hitasukhataṁ jigīsamāno§ ,

Abhirucitāni guṇāni ācarati.

“Yadi ca jahati sabbakāmabhogaṁ,

Kathayati dhammakathaṁ jino janassa.

Vacanapaṭikarassābhippasannā

Sutvāna dhammānudhammamācarantī”ti.

(D.30.) (9- 10) Ussaṅkhapāda-uddhaggalomatālakkhaṇāni

212. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno§ atthūpasaṁhitaṁ dhammūpasaṁhitaṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā ahosi, bahujanaṁ nidaṁsesi, pāṇīnaṁ hitasukhāvaho dhammayāgī. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (9)Ussaṅkhapādo ca hoti, (10)uddhaggalomo ca.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato, sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Aggo ca hoti seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca kāmabhogīnaṁ. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Aggo ca hoti seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca sabbasattānaṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

213. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

(D.30./III,155.) “Atthadhammasahitaṁ§ pure giraṁ,

Erayaṁ bahujanaṁ nidaṁsayi.

Pāṇinaṁ hitasukhāvaho ahu,

Dhammayāgamayajī§ amaccharī.

“Tena (CS:pg.3.127) so sucaritena kammunā,

Suggatiṁ vajati tattha modati.

Lakkhaṇāni ca duve idhāgato,

Uttamappamukhatāya§ vindati.

“Ubbhamuppatitalomavā saso,

Pādagaṇṭhirahu sādhusaṇṭhitā.

Maṁsalohitācitā tacotthatā,

Uparicaraṇasobhanā§ ahu.

“Gehamāvasati ce tathāvidho,

Aggataṁ vajati kāmabhoginaṁ.

Tena uttaritaro na vijjati,

Jambudīpamabhibhuyya iriyati.

(D.30./III,156.) “Pabbajampi ca anomanikkamo,

Aggataṁ vajati sabbapāṇinaṁ.

Tena uttaritaro na vijjati,

Sabbalokamabhibhuyya viharatī”ti.

(D.30.) (11) Eṇijaṅghalakkhaṇaṁ

214. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno sakkaccaṁ vācetā ahosi sippaṁ vā vijjaṁ vā caraṇaṁ vā kammaṁ vā-- ‘Kiṁ time khippaṁ vijāneyyuṁ, khippaṁ paṭipajjeyyuṁ, na ciraṁ kilisseyyun”ti. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati. (11)Eṇijaṅgho hoti.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Yāni tāni rājārahāni rājaṅgāni rājūpabhogāni rājānucchavikāni tāni khippaṁ paṭilabhati. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Yāni (CS:pg.3.128) tāni samaṇārahāni samaṇaṅgāni samaṇūpabhogāni samaṇānucchavikāni, tāni khippaṁ paṭilabhati. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

215. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Sippesu vijjācaraṇesu kammesu§ ,

Kathaṁ vijāneyyuṁ§ lahunti icchati.

(D.30./III,157.) Yadūpaghātāya na hoti kassaci,

Vāceti khippaṁ na ciraṁ kilissati.

“Taṁ kammaṁ katvā kusalaṁ sukhudrayaṁ§ ,

Jaṅghā manuññā labhate susaṇṭhitā.

Vaṭṭā sujātā anupubbamuggatā,

Uddhaggalomā sukhumattacotthatā.

“Eṇeyyajaṅghoti tamāhu puggalaṁ,

Sampattiyā khippamidhāhu§ lakkhaṇaṁ.

Gehānulomāni yadābhikaṅkhati,

Apabbajaṁ khippamidhādhigacchati§ .

“Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso,

Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo.

Anucchavikassa yadānulomikaṁ,

Taṁ vindati khippamanomavikkamo§ ”ti.

(D.30.) (12) Sukhumacchavilakkhaṇaṁ

216. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno samaṇaṁ vā brāhmaṇaṁ vā upasaṅkamitvā paripucchitā ahosi-- “Kiṁ, bhante, kusalaṁ, kiṁ akusalaṁ, kiṁ sāvajjaṁ, kiṁ anavajjaṁ, kiṁ sevitabbaṁ, kiṁ na sevitabbaṁ, kiṁ me karīyamānaṁ dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya assa, kiṁ vā pana me karīyamānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya (CS:pg.3.129) assā”ti. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati. (D.30./III,158.) (12)Sukhumacchavi hoti, sukhumattā chaviyā rajojallaṁ kāye na upalimpati.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāpañño hoti, nāssa hoti koci paññāya sadiso vā seṭṭho vā kāmabhogīnaṁ. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāpañño hoti puthupañño hāsapañño§ javanapañño tikkhapañño nibbedhikapañño, nāssa hoti koci paññāya sadiso vā seṭṭho vā sabbasattānaṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

217. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Pure puratthā purimāsu jātisu,

Aññātukāmo paripucchitā ahu.

Sussūsitā pabbajitaṁ upāsitā,

Atthantaro atthakathaṁ nisāmayi.

“Paññāpaṭilābhagatena§ kammunā,

Manussabhūto sukhumacchavī ahu.

Byākaṁsu uppādanimittakovidā,

Sukhumāni atthāni avecca dakkhiti.

“Sace na pabbajjamupeti tādiso,

Vatteti cakkaṁ pathaviṁ pasāsati.

Atthānusiṭṭhīsu pariggahesu ca,

Na tena seyyo sadiso ca vijjati.

(D.30./III,159.) “Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso,

Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo.

Paññāvisiṭṭhaṁ labhate anuttaraṁ,

Pappoti bodhiṁ varabhūrimedhaso”ti.

(D.30.) (13) Suvaṇṇavaṇṇalakkhaṇaṁ

218. “Yampi (CS:pg.3.130) bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno akkodhano ahosi anupāyāsabahulo, bahumpi vutto samāno nābhisajji na kuppi na byāpajji na patitthīyi, na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātvākāsi. Dātā ca ahosi sukhumānaṁ mudukānaṁ attharaṇānaṁ pāvuraṇānaṁ§ khomasukhumānaṁ kappāsikasukhumānaṁ koseyyasukhumānaṁ kambalasukhumānaṁ. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati. (13)Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hoti kañcanasannibhattaco.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Lābhī hoti sukhumānaṁ mudukānaṁ attharaṇānaṁ pāvuraṇānaṁ khomasukhumānaṁ kappāsikasukhumānaṁ koseyyasukhumānaṁ kambalasukhumānaṁ. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Lābhī hoti sukhumānaṁ mudukānaṁ attharaṇānaṁ pāvuraṇānaṁ khomasukhumānaṁ kappāsikasukhumānaṁ koseyyasukhumānaṁ kambalasukhumānaṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

219. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Akkodhañca adhiṭṭhahi adāsi§ ,

Dānañca vatthāni sukhumāni succhavīni.

(D.30./III,160.) Purimatarabhave ṭhito abhivissaji,

Mahimiva suro abhivassaṁ.

“Taṁ katvāna ito cuto dibbaṁ,

Upapajji§ sukataphalavipākamanubhutvā.

Kanakatanusannibho idhābhibhavati,

Suravarataroriva indo.

“Gehañcāvasati (CS:pg.3.131) naro apabbajja,

Micchaṁ mahatimahiṁ anusāsati§ .

Pasayha sahidha sattaratanaṁ§ ,

Paṭilabhati vimala§ sukhumacchaviṁ suciñca.

“Lābhī acchādanavatthamokkhapāvuraṇānaṁ,

Bhavati yadi anāgāriyataṁ upeti.

Sahito§ purimakataphalaṁ anubhavati,

Na bhavati katassa panāso”ti.

(D.30.) (14) Kosohitavatthaguyhalakkhaṇaṁ

220. Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno cirappanaṭṭhe sucirappavāsino ñātimitte suhajje sakhino samānetā ahosi. Mātarampi puttena samānetā ahosi, puttampi mātarā samānetā ahosi, pitarampi (D.30./III,161.) puttena samānetā ahosi, puttampi pitarā samānetā ahosi, bhātarampi bhātarā samānetā ahosi, bhātarampi bhaginiyā samānetā ahosi, bhaginimpi bhātarā samānetā ahosi, bhaginimpi bhaginiyā samānetā ahosi, samaṅgīkatvā§ ca abbhanumoditā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati-- (14)kosohitavatthaguyho hoti.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Pahūtaputto hoti, parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Pahūtaputto hoti, anekasahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

221. Tatthetaṁ (CS:pg.3.132) vuccati--

“Pure puratthā purimāsu jātisu,

Cirappanaṭṭhe sucirappavāsino.

Ñātī suhajje sakhino samānayi,

Samaṅgikatvā anumoditā ahu.

“So tena§ kammena divaṁ samakkami,

Sukhañca Khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhi.

Tato cavitvā punarāgato idha,

Kosohitaṁ vindati vatthachādiyaṁ.

(D.30./III,162.) “Pahūtaputto bhavatī tathāvidho,

Parosahassañca§ bhavanti atrajā.

Sūrā ca vīrā ca§ amittatāpanā,

Gihissa pītiṁjananā piyaṁvadā.

“Bahūtarā pabbajitassa iriyato,

Bhavanti puttā vacanānusārino.

Gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā puna,

Taṁ lakkhaṇaṁ jāyati tadatthajotakan”ti.

Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

(D.30.) (15- 16) Parimaṇḍala-anonamajaṇṇuparimasanalakkhaṇāni

222. “Yampi bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno mahājanasaṅgahaṁ § samekkhamāno§ samaṁ jānāti sāmaṁ jānāti, purisaṁ jānāti purisavisesaṁ jānāti-- ‘Ayamidamarahati ayamidamarahatī’ti tattha tattha purisavisesakaro ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ (CS:pg.3.133) āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (15)Nigrodha parimaṇḍalo ca hoti, (16)ṭhitakoyeva ca anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati Aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo pahūtajātarūparajato pahūtavittūpakaraṇo pahūtadhanadhañño paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati …pe… Buddho samāno kiṁ (D.30./III,163.) labhati? Aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassimāni dhanāni honti, seyyathidaṁ, saddhādhanaṁ sīladhanaṁ hiridhanaṁ ottappadhanaṁ sutadhanaṁ cāgadhanaṁ paññādhanaṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

223. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Tuliya paṭivicaya cintayitvā,

Mahājanasaṅgahanaṁ§ samekkhamāno.

Ayamidamarahati tattha tattha,

Purisavisesakaro pure ahosi.

“Mahiñca pana§ ṭhito anonamanto,

Phusati karehi ubhohi jaṇṇukāni.

Mahiruhaparimaṇḍalo ahosi,

Sucaritakammavipākasesakena.

“Bahuvividhanimittalakkhaṇaññū,

Atinipuṇā manujā byākariṁsu.

Bahuvividhā gihīnaṁ arahāni,

Paṭilabhati daharo susu kumāro.

(D.30./III,164.) “Idha ca mahīpatissa kāmabhogī,

Gihipatirūpakā bahū bhavanti.

Yadi ca jahati sabbakāmabhogaṁ,

Labhati anuttaraṁ uttamadhanaggan”ti.

(D.30.) (17- 19) Sīhapubbaddhakāyāditilakkhaṇaṁ

224. “Yampi (CS:pg.3.134) bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno bahujanassa atthakāmo ahosi hitakāmo phāsukāmo yogakkhemakāmo-- ‘Kintime saddhāya vaḍḍheyyuṁ, sīlena vaḍḍheyyuṁ, sutena vaḍḍheyyuṁ§ , cāgena vaḍḍheyyuṁ, dhammena vaḍḍheyyuṁ, paññāya vaḍḍheyyuṁ, dhanadhaññena vaḍḍheyyuṁ, khettavatthunā vaḍḍheyyuṁ, dvipadacatuppadehi vaḍḍheyyuṁ, puttadārehi vaḍḍheyyuṁ, dāsakammakaraporisehi vaḍḍheyyuṁ, ñātīhi vaḍḍheyyuṁ, mittehi vaḍḍheyyuṁ, bandhavehi vaḍḍheyyun’ti. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni tīṇi mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (17)Sīhapubbaddhakāyo ca hoti (18)citantaraṁso ca (19)samavaṭṭakkhandho ca.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? (D.30./III,165.) Aparihānadhammo hoti, na parihāyati dhanadhaññena khettavatthunā dvipadacatuppadehi puttadārehi dāsakammakaraporisehi ñātīhi mittehi bandhavehi, na parihāyati sabbasampattiyā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Aparihānadhammo hoti, na parihāyati saddhāya sīlena sutena cāgena paññāya, na parihāyati sabbasampattiyā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

225. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Saddhāya sīlena sutena buddhiyā,

Cāgena dhammena bahūhi sādhuhi.

Dhanena dhaññena ca khettavatthunā,

Puttehi dārehi catuppadehi ca.

“Ñātīhi mittehi ca bandhavehi ca,

Balena vaṇṇena sukhena cūbhayaṁ.

Kathaṁ na hāyeyyuṁ pareti icchati,

Atthassa middhī ca§ panābhikaṅkhati.

“Sa (CS:pg.3.135) sīhapubbaddhasusaṇṭhito ahu,

Samavaṭṭakkhandho ca citantaraṁso.

Pubbe suciṇṇena katena kammunā,

Ahāniyaṁ pubbanimittamassa taṁ.

“Gihīpi dhaññena dhanena vaḍḍhati,

Puttehi dārehi catuppadehi ca.

Akiñcano pabbajito anuttaraṁ,

Pappoti bodhiṁ asahānadhammatan”ti§ .

(D.30.) (20) Rasaggasaggitālakkhaṇaṁ

(D.30./III,166.)

226. “Yampi bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno sattānaṁ aviheṭhakajātiko ahosi pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati, (20)rasaggasaggī hoti, uddhaggāssa rasaharaṇīyo gīvāya jātā honti samābhivāhiniyo§ .

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Appābādho hoti appātaṅko, samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

227. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Na pāṇidaṇḍehi panātha leḍḍunā,

Satthena vā maraṇavadhena§ vā pana.

Ubbādhanāya paritajjanāya vā,

Na heṭhayī janatamaheṭhako ahu.

“Teneva (CS:pg.3.136) so sugatimupecca modati,

Sukhapphalaṁ kariya sukhāni vindati.

(D.30./III,167.) Samojasā§ rasaharaṇī susaṇṭhitā,

Idhāgato labhati rasaggasaggitaṁ.

“Tenāhu naṁ atinipuṇā vicakkhaṇā,

Ayaṁ naro sukhabahulo bhavissati.

Gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā puna§ ,

Taṁ lakkhaṇaṁ bhavati tadatthajotakan”ti.

(D.30.) (21- 22) Abhinīlanettagopakhumalakkhaṇāni

228. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno na ca visaṭaṁ, na ca visāci§ , na ca pana viceyya pekkhitā, ujuṁ tathā pasaṭamujumano, piyacakkhunā bahujanaṁ udikkhitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (21)Abhinīlanetto ca hoti (22)gopakhumo ca.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato, sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Piyadassano hoti bahuno janassa, piyo hoti manāpo brāhmaṇagahapatikān (D.30./III,168.) aṁ negamajānapadānaṁ gaṇakamahāmattānaṁ anīkaṭṭhānaṁ dovārikānaṁ amaccānaṁ pārisajjānaṁ rājūnaṁ bhogiyānaṁ kumārānaṁ. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati …pe… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Piyadassano hoti bahuno janassa, piyo hoti manāpo bhikkhūnaṁ bhikkhunīnaṁ upāsakānaṁ upāsikānaṁ devānaṁ manussānaṁ asurānaṁ nāgānaṁ gandhabbānaṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

229. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Na ca visaṭaṁ na ca visāci§ , na ca pana viceyyapekkhitā.

Ujuṁ tathā pasaṭamujumano, piyacakkhunā bahujanaṁ udikkhitā.

“Sugatīsu (CS:pg.3.137) so phalavipākaṁ,

Anubhavati tattha modati.

Idha ca pana bhavati gopakhumo,

Abhinīlanettanayano sudassano.

“Abhiyogino ca nipuṇā,

Bahū pana nimittakovidā.

Sukhumanayanakusalā manujā,

Piyadassanoti abhiniddisanti naṁ.

“Piyadassano gihīpi santo ca,

Bhavati bahujanapiyāyito.

(D.30./III,169.)Yadi ca na bhavati gihī samaṇo hoti,

Piyo bahūnaṁ sokanāsano”ti.

(D.30.) (23) Uṇhīsasīsalakkhaṇaṁ

230. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno bahujanapubbaṅgamo ahosi kusalesu dhammesu bahujanapāmokkho kāyasucarite vacīsucarite manosucarite dānasaṁvibhāge sīlasamādāne uposathupavāse matteyyatāya petteyyatāya sāmaññatāya brahmaññatāya kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitāya aññataraññataresu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati-- (23)uṇhīsasīso hoti.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāssa jano anvāyiko hoti, brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāssa jano anvāyiko hoti, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

231. Tatthetaṁ (CS:pg.3.138) vuccati--

“Pubbaṅgamo sucaritesu ahu,

Dhammesu dhammacariyābhirato.

Anvāyiko bahujanassa ahu,

Saggesu vedayittha puññaphalaṁ.

(D.30./III,170.) “Veditvā so sucaritassa phalaṁ,

Uṇhīsasīsattamidhajjhagamā.

Byākaṁsu byañjananimittadharā,

Pubbaṅgamo bahujanaṁ hessati.

“Paṭibhogiyā manujesu idha,

Pubbeva tassa abhiharanti tadā.

Yadi khattiyo bhavati bhūmipati,

Paṭihārakaṁ bahujane labhati.

“Atha cepi pabbajati so manujo,

Dhammesu hoti paguṇo visavī.

Tassānusāsaniguṇābhirato,

Anvāyiko bahujano bhavatī”ti.

(D.30.) (24- 25) Ekekalomatā-uṇṇālakkhaṇāni

232. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno musāvādaṁ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato ahosi, saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṁvādako lokassa. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (24)Ekekalomo ca hoti, (25)uṇṇā ca bhamukantare jātā hoti odātā mudutūlasannibhā.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato, sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāssa jano upavattati, brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā (D.30./III,171.) gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā (CS:pg.3.139) samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Mahāssa jano upavattati, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

233. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Saccappaṭiñño purimāsu jātisu,

Advejjhavāco alikaṁ vivajjayi.

Na so visaṁvādayitāpi kassaci,

Bhūtena tacchena tathena bhāsayi § .

“Setā susukkā mudutūlasannibhā,

Uṇṇā sujātā § bhamukantare ahu.

Na lomakūpesu duve ajāyisuṁ,

Ekekalomūpacitaṅgavā ahu.

“Taṁ lakkhaṇaññū bahavo samāgatā,

Byākaṁsu uppādanimittakovidā.

Uṇṇā ca lomā ca yathā susaṇṭhitā,

Upavattatī īdisakaṁ bahujjano.

“Gihimpi santaṁ upavattatī jano,

Bahu puratthāpakatena kammunā.

Akiñcanaṁ pabbajitaṁ anuttaraṁ,

Buddhampi santaṁ upavattati jano”ti.

(D.30.) (26- 27) Cattālīsa-aviraḷadantalakkhaṇāni

234. “Yampi, bhikkhave Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno pisuṇaṁ vācaṁ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato ahosi. Ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṁ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṁ akkhātā amūsaṁ bhedāya (CS:pg.3.140) iti bhinnānaṁ vā sandhātā, (D.30./III,172.) sahitānaṁ vā anuppadātā, samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (26)Cattālīsadanto ca hoti (27)aviraḷadanto ca.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Abhejjapariso hoti, abhejjāssa honti parisā, brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Abhejjapariso hoti, abhejjāssa honti parisā, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

235. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Vebhūtiyaṁ sahitabhedakāriṁ,

Bhedappavaḍḍhanavivādakāriṁ.

(D.30./III,173.) Kalahappavaḍḍhana-ākiccakāriṁ,

Sahitānaṁ bhedajananiṁ na bhaṇi.

“Avivādavaḍḍhanakariṁ sugiraṁ,

Bhinnānusandhijananiṁ abhaṇi.

Kalahaṁ janassa panudī samaṅgī,

Sahitehi nandati pamodati ca.

“Sugatīsu so phalavipākaṁ,

Anubhavati tattha modati.

Dantā idha honti aviraḷā sahitā,

Caturo dasassa mukhajā susaṇṭhitā.

“Yadi (CS:pg.3.141) khattiyo bhavati bhūmipati,

Avibhediyāssa parisā bhavati.

Samaṇo ca hoti virajo vimalo,

Parisāssa hoti anugatā acalā”ti.

(D.30.) (28- 29) Pahūtajivhābrahmassaralakkhaṇāni

236. “Yampi bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno pharusaṁ vācaṁ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato ahosi. Yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā, tathārūpiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. (28)Pahūtajivho ca hoti (29)brahmassaro ca karavīkabhāṇī.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Ādeyyavāco hoti, ādiyantissa vacanaṁ brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? (D.30./III,174.) Ādeyyavāco hoti, ādiyantissa vacanaṁ bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

237. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Akkosabhaṇḍanavihesakāriṁ,

Ubbādhikaṁ§ bahujanappamaddanaṁ.

Abāḷhaṁ giraṁ so na bhaṇi pharusaṁ,

Madhuraṁ bhaṇi susaṁhitaṁ§ sakhilaṁ.

“Manaso (CS:pg.3.142) piyā hadayagāminiyo,

Vācā so erayati kaṇṇasukhā.

Vācāsuciṇṇaphalamanubhavi,

Saggesu vedayatha§ puññaphalaṁ.

“Veditvā so sucaritassa phalaṁ,

Brahmassarattamidhamajjhagamā.

Jivhāssa hoti vipulā puthulā,

Ādeyyavākyavacano bhavati.

“Gihinopi ijjhati yathā bhaṇato,

Atha ce pabbajati so manujo.

(D.30./III,175.)Ādiyantissa vacanaṁ janatā,

Bahuno bahuṁ subhaṇitaṁ bhaṇato”ti.

(D.30.) (30) Sīhahanulakkhaṇaṁ

238. “Yampi bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno samphappalāpaṁ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato ahosi kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā ahosi kālena sāpadesaṁ pariyantavatiṁ atthasaṁhitaṁ. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā …pe… so tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imaṁ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ paṭilabhati, (3)sīhahanu hoti.

“So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī …pe… rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Appadhaṁsiyo hoti kenaci manussabhūtena paccatthikena paccāmittena. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati… Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Appadhaṁsiyo hoti abbhantarehi vā bāhirehi vā paccatthikehi paccāmittehi, rāgena vā dosena vā mohena vā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṁ. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

239. Tatthetaṁ (CS:pg.3.143) vuccati--

“Na samphappalāpaṁ na muddhataṁ§ ,

Avikiṇṇavacanabyappatho ahosi.

Ahitamapi ca apanudi,

Hitamapi ca bahujanasukhañca abhaṇi.

(D.30./III,176.) “Taṁ katvā ito cuto divamupapajji,

Sukataphalavipākamanubhosi.

Caviya punaridhāgato samāno,

Dvidugamavaratarahanuttamalattha.

“Rājā hoti suduppadhaṁsiyo,

Manujindo manujādhipati mahānubhāvo.

Tidivapuravarasamo bhavati,

Suravarataroriva indo.

“Gandhabbāsurayakkharakkhasebhi§ ,

Surehi na hi bhavati suppadhaṁsiyo.

Tathatto yadi bhavati tathāvidho,

Idha disā ca paṭidisā ca vidisā cā”ti.

(D.30.) (31- 32) Samadantasusukkadāṭhālakkhaṇāni

240. “Yampi, bhikkhave, Tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno micchājīvaṁ pahāya sammā-ājīvena jīvikaṁ kappesi, tulākūṭa kaṁsakūṭa mānakūṭa ukkoṭana vañcana nikati sāciyoga chedana vadha bandhana viparāmosa ālopa sahasākārā§ paṭivirato ahosi. So tassa kammassa (D.30./III,177.) kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati. So tattha aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena dibbena sukhena dibbena yasena dibbena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi dibbehi saddehi dibbehi gandhehi dibbehi rasehi (CS:pg.3.144) dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. So tato cuto itthattaṁ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati, (31)samadanto ca hoti (32)susukkadāṭho ca.

“So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṁ-- cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ akhilamanimittamakaṇṭakaṁ iddhaṁ phītaṁ khemaṁ sivaṁ nirabbudaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Rājā samāno kiṁ labhati? Suciparivāro hoti sucissa honti parivārā brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṁ labhati.

“Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Buddho samāno kiṁ labhati? Suciparivāro hoti, sucissa honti parivārā, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṁ labhati”. Etamatthaṁ Bhagavā avoca.

241. Tatthetaṁ vuccati--

“Micchājīvañca avassaji samena vuttiṁ,

Sucinā so janayittha dhammikena.

(D.30./III,178.) Ahitamapi ca apanudi,

Hitamapi ca bahujanasukhañca acari.

“Sagge vedayati naro sukhapphalāni,

Karitvā nipuṇebhi vidūhi sabbhi.

Vaṇṇitāni tidivapuravarasamo,

Abhiramati ratikhiḍḍāsamaṅgī.

“Laddhānaṁ (CS:pg.3.145) mānusakaṁ bhavaṁ tato,

Cavitvāna sukataphalavipākaṁ.

Sesakena paṭilabhati lapanajaṁ,

Samamapi sucisusukkaṁ§ .

“Taṁ veyyañjanikā samāgatā bahavo,

Byākaṁsu nipuṇasammatā manujā.

Sucijanaparivāragaṇo bhavati,

Dijasamasukkasucisobhanadanto.

“Rañño hoti bahujano,

Suciparivāro mahatiṁ mahiṁ anusāsato.

(D.30./III,179.) Pasayha na ca janapadatudanaṁ,

Hitamapi ca bahujanasukhañca caranti.

“Atha ce pabbajati bhavati vipāpo,

Samaṇo samitarajo vivaṭṭacchado.

Vigatadarathakilamatho,

Imamapi ca paramapi ca§ passati lokaṁ.

“Tassovādakarā bahugihī ca pabbajitā ca,

Asuciṁ garahitaṁ dhunanti pāpaṁ.

Sa hi sucibhi parivuto bhavati,

Malakhilakalikilese panudehī”ti§ .

Idamavoca Bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū Bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

~ Lakkhaṇasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ sattamaṁ.~

﹝appendix01﹞三十二相,八十種好

/ 明法比丘

悉達多太子相貌出眾

傳說悉達多太子剛出生不久，阿私陀仙人在白天見到穿乾淨衣服的三十三天人和帝釋(天公)，手揮動著白布，歡欣慶賀，熱烈頌揚。他問住在須彌山頂的諸天神發生什麼事？天神回答說︰無以倫比、寶中之寶的菩薩，已降生在倫比尼城釋迦村，他未來將在「仙人(墮處)」的林中開始轉法輪，作獅子吼，所以他們非常高興快樂。於是，阿私陀仙迅速的下來(人間)，來到淨飯王宮中，觀看太子，見到太子金光閃閃，相貌出色。阿私陀仙滿懷喜悅地說：人中至高無上。又說，這位王子將達到最高的正菩提，見到最高的純淨，轉動法輪(《經集》Sn.3.11.)。

悉達多太子一出生相貌非凡，但是具有「三十二相」(巴dvattiṁsamahāpurisa- lakkhaṇāni；梵dvātriṃśan mahā-puruṣa-lakṣaṇāni)應該是成年以後的完整身體特徵。不過有的北傳佛傳說，太子一出生就具「三十二相」。如來「三十二相」是歷經四阿僧祇劫又十萬劫(北傳傳說三阿僧祇劫)修福修慧，得到身相莊嚴。欲地或色地眾生，有時也有某項或多項的莊嚴、不凡的身相，他們是依自己長久以來修習某項或多項善業而得到的。得到一「相」就很了不得，何況多相。古印度人就傳說具有「三十二相」者，不是將成為轉輪王或就是將成為佛陀。
具三十二相只有二趣處

本文說「三十二相」的部份，主要是依據《長部》三十二相經(D.30.Lakkhaṇasuttaṁ)。本經所說的特色，除了說明三十二相以外，還更深入說明其宿因；觀察累世的因緣關係，已經非一般命相專家或略具神通者所能瞭解。本經一開頭世尊這麼說：「諸比丘！大人具有三十二大人相，若具足大人(相)，只有二趣處而無其他(趣)。若居在家者，成為轉輪王之正法王，征服四方，安定國土，七寶具足，其七寶者，即︰輪寶、象寶、馬寶、摩尼寶、女寶、居士寶、主兵寶為第七。他有逾千王子，(皆具)勇猛與英雄氣慨，善伐敵軍。他在此大地直到海邊，不用杖罰與刀刑，唯依法征服統治。然而，若他由在家而出家成為無家者，除去世間的覆障，將成為阿羅漢、正等正覺者。」世尊接著就說三十二相，及得到該相的宿因。有時一因得一相乃至三相，或多因得一相乃至三相，總計可以歸納出二十項因緣果報。

觀察佛陀三十二相

在佛世時，有婆羅門根據傳說，在佛陀身上觀察找三十二相。《長部》阿摩晝經(Ambaṭṭhasuttaṁ)說，阿摩晝青年婆羅門，從佛身找三十二相，除了二相(馬陰藏相與廣長舌相)，他觀察到其他的相，因為他看不到二相而心起疑。世尊知道之後，以神通力令阿摩晝見到世尊的馬陰藏相，世尊又伸出舌頭，舔兩耳邊、兩鼻孔，以舌覆額頭，顯現廣長舌相。(D.3./I,106.；cf. 《長阿含20經》《阿摩晝經》(T1.82))類似的故事記載在《梵摩經》(M.91.Brahmāyusuttaṁ)世尊以神通力令梵摩婆羅門見到世尊的馬陰藏相與廣長舌相。(cf.《中阿含161經》《梵摩經》T1.685.3；《增壹阿含43.2經》T2.758.1)

奇人異相及非真正好相

看「相」知吉凶福禍是一門「命相學」，雖然它有經驗或統計的基礎，但是其中隱藏著不準確性(《雜阿含54經》特別說到無常的變數)，因此，佛教並不鼓勵從事這個行業，對於出家眾幫人看相謀生，則被認為是「邪命」(不正當的生活方式)。相由心生，相由心轉，看「相」有時能看出身心的一些端倪，因此它一直存在人間。悉達多太子出生之後也涉及到看相。

佛陀具有的五官、手足、肩頸、骨肉、體型、髮、毛、指甲、牙齒、皮膚、聲音、氣色、舉止神情等，都是上上好相，其中還有不少項目，都不是一般相書所記載的。根據佛陀具有的最完美的身體特徵，可以來檢視或澄清奇人異相是否是真正好相。有幾種相，中國人特別將之作為奇人異相的特徵。以(第十六相)「手過膝」一相來說，根據晉書‧帝紀第三記載，晉朝第一任皇帝晉武皇帝(司馬炎，A.D.230～290)「手過膝，此非人臣之相也。」唐朝的華嚴宗四祖清涼國師（澄觀A.D.738～839）享有一百零二歲，生歷唐朝的九個皇帝，七位皇帝請他為師，《清涼山誌》說他「(身高)九尺四寸，雙手過膝，口生牙齒四十顆，目光夜發，聲韻如鐘。」而明朝的作品《三國演義》描寫劉備是「身長八尺，兩耳垂肩，雙手過膝。」恐怕已經是附會之說。病名有「馬凡氏症候群」(Marfan syndrome)，它的最大特徵就是又高又瘦，雙手過膝，甚至美國總統林肯都被懷疑是馬凡氏症候群患者。因此判斷「雙手過膝」需要排除此項異常。

(第三相)「扁平足」（俗稱「鴨母蹄」）是指站立時腳掌內側腳弓降低或消失，內側腳弓幾乎或已經平貼到地面上，這是屬於病態的腳丫。根據國外的統計，扁平足發生的比率約3﹪- 10﹪，而台灣某大型醫院的幼稚園學童篩檢報告估計國內兒童扁平足的比率應大於兩成。所以此項「扁平足」的觀測不準確性很高。

(第十四相)「馬陰藏相」是男生陰部縮入於體內。道家則採取煉精化氣來達到馬陰藏相，但是與先天具備的不同，當然不能歸納於「三十二相」。

中國人還說其他的奇人異相，有的可能是塑造的或異形的，雙瞳(眼內橫長兩個瞳孔)、重瞳(眼中虹膜另有大黑翳)、狼顧(頭部扭轉九十度而身體不動)等都是特別的相。後代的作品《孝經緯．鉤命決》把孔子整型為：「仲尼斗唇，舌里七重」、「夫子輔喉駢齒」、「仲尼虎掌」，這些唇、舌、喉、齒、掌的異相都是塑造的，也都不是「三十二相」或「八十種好」的內容。

關於「痣」，命相學有說好痣與壞痣。但是依北傳經典所說的佛陀的相好，排除「斑痣」這一項。《方廣大莊嚴經》(T3.557.2)卷第三︰「四十九、身無黑子(黑痣)。」《大般若經》(T6.968.2)︰「皮膚遠離疥癬，亦無黶點、疣贅等過。」

記載在南北傳諸經論的「三十二相」，項目、名稱、與順序，所說不一。以下表格是依據《長部》三十二相經的順序，來說明「相」及其宿因，及當生將伴隨的利益，作為更深的瞭解身心的因果的關係。並以以下三經作補充說明︰

^▲《方廣大莊嚴經》(T3.557.2~3)卷第三

^▓《大般若波羅蜜多經》卷第三百八十一 (T6.968.8~9)

^◆《坐禪三昧經》卷上(T15.276.3)

三十二相	原因	伴隨果報或將成就
(1)足安平立相 (suppatiṭṭhita-pādatā-lakkhaṇa)，即足下平滿相。平足蹈地，平(足)舉起，腳掌完全放下觸地。	於諸善法平等的、堅固的受持。於身口意三善行，分享財物，持戒，布薩齋戒，孝順父母，尊敬沙門、婆羅門，尊敬家族中的長輩，及種種優勝之諸善法。他實行、積聚、充滿、增廣這些業。	若生天，有十事勝過其他諸天，即：天壽、天貌、天樂、天名譽、天威、天色身、天音、天香、天味、天觸。能為轉輪王或佛陀。
(2)腳掌輪相 (pāda-tala-cakka-lakkhaṇa)，即千輻輪相。兩腳掌生二輪，有千輻(之肉紋相)、有輞、有轂，所有的紋路明顯，分明整然。	為眾人安樂，除驚慌、恐怖，正立守護、衛防，次第行布施。	能為轉輪王或佛陀。
(3)足踵(圓滿)廣平相 (āyatapaṇhi-lakkhaṇa)，足跟廣平相。	斷殺生、離殺生，沒收杖、刀，羞恥心、憐愍利益一切生物。	能為轉輪王或佛陀，壽命長，人類的任何敵人都不可能奪其生命。
(4)(諸)指纖長相 (dīghaṇguli-lakkhaṇa)，手臂美嫩形端正，指頭柔軟又纖長。	同上	同上
(5)身體直如梵天相 (brahmujugatta-lakkhaṇa)，有如梵天身直挺，清秀明淨長得帥。	同上	同上
(6)七隆滿處相 (sattussadatā-lakkhaṇa)即兩手、兩足、兩肩、頸項等七處(肉)皆隆滿。	施與美味種種的食物：硬食、軟食、適合被品嘗的食物、舔食及種種飲料。	成為轉輪王或佛陀，享受美味種種的食物。
(7)手足柔軟相 (mudutalunahatthapāda-lakkhaṇāni)	以四攝事攝受人，即以：布施、愛語、利行、同事(dānena peyyavajjena atthacariyāya samānattatāya)。	成為轉輪王善攝受隨從--婆羅門、居士、市民、村民、財政官、宰相、衛兵、門衛、智囊團、臣子、王子等。成為佛陀則善攝受隨從--比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷、天人、人類、阿修羅、龍(蛇)、乾闥婆等。
(8)手足有網縵相 (jāla-hattha-pāda-lakkhaṇāni)手足指間，有縵網相。《大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「三者、手足網縵，猶如鵝王。」《中阿含59經》《三十二相經》(T1.493.2)：「⁸大人手足網縵，猶如鴈(=雁)王。」	同上	同上
(9)足踝高相 (ussaṅkhapāda-lakkhaṇa)兩踝月庸相(ussaṅkhapāda)，即足趺隆起相，為足背高起圓滿之相。	平等地為無數人演說伴隨義理、伴隨法，使眾人明瞭，以法施利樂諸眾生。	成為轉輪王，他在享受的財物中，為最優、最勝、第一者及最上殊勝者。成為佛陀他在一切有情中，為最優、最殊勝者。
(10)身毛端向上相 (uddhagga-lomatā-lakkhaṇa) 身毛向上生，烏青色(nīlāni añjanavaṇṇāni)、捲曲狀(kuṇḍalāvaṭṭāni)、向右旋(dakkhiṇāvaṭṭakajātāni)。	同上	同上
(11)小腿如羚羊相 (eṇijaṅgha-lakkhaṇa)。小腿像羚羊腿。小腿，古譯作︰腨(足專ㄕㄨㄢˋ)。	仔細教授技藝(sippaṁ)、知識(vijjaṁ)、舉止行為(caraṇaṁ)、工作(kammaṁ)，使人迅速理解，誨人不倦。	成為轉輪王，凡是王所應得、王所配備、王所享樂、王所適宜者皆迅速而得。成為佛陀，凡沙門所應得、沙門所配備、沙門所享樂、沙門所適宜者皆迅速而得。
(12)肌膚軟細相 (sukhumacchavilakkhaṇa)，即皮膚細軟相，塵垢不沾身。	為求知識，往詣沙門、婆羅門問法：「以何為善？以何為不善？有罪？無罪？何者為可親近？不可親近？何者我該作，將有長夜(=長久)利益安樂？」	成為轉輪王，將有大智慧，享受的財物，沒有任何人能等同或勝過。成為佛陀有：大慧、廣慧、捷疾慧、速慧、銳利慧、抉擇慧。沒有任何有情能等同或勝過。
(13)黃金色相 (suvaṇṇavaṇṇalakkhaṇa)有似黃金的皮膚。	無瞋、無悲傷。被多言(謗)時，不遷怒、不激動、不惡意、不抗拒、不怒、不瞋、無不滿。且是施予精緻柔軟的床單、毛毯，及細緻的麻布、木綿布、絹布、毛織品的人。	成為轉輪王或，成為佛陀，將得到︰精緻柔軟的床單、毛毯，及細緻的麻布、木綿布、絹布、毛織品。
(14)馬陰藏相(鞘內藏陰相) (kosohita-vatthaguyha-lakkhaṇaṁ)，指男陰密隱於體內如馬陰之相。《中阿含59經》：「¹³大人陰馬藏。猶良馬王。」	使長久迷途的親友、知己、同輩等重相逢。	成為轉輪王，將有逾千王子，(皆具)勇猛與英雄氣慨，善伐敵軍。成為佛陀，得多子，其弟子數千，(皆具)勇猛與英雄氣慨，善伐敵軍(=外道)。
(15)身圍如尼拘律樹相 (nigrodha parimaṇḍala-lakkhaṇa) 身圍如尼拘律樹(榕樹科)，身形圓好。	是考慮周全、善於觀察大眾群者。知人知己，了知人與人的差別，他知道：「此者值此(尊敬或款待)，彼者值彼(尊敬或款待)。」	成為轉輪王，將得大財富、多金銀、多傢俱、多穀物充滿庫藏。成為佛陀，將得大財富，財富是：信財、戒財、慚財、愧財、聞財、施財、慧財。
(16)立正不彎時，雙手掌可觸摸雙膝(相)(ṭhitakova anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati)，即不彎觸膝相(anonama-jaṇṇuparimasana- lakkhaṇa)。	同上	同上
(17)上軀如獅子相 (sīhapubbaddhakāya-lakkhaṇa) 即︰上身安住如獅子。《大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「胸膺方整如師子。」 ^▓⁴⁶世尊身分上半圓滿，如師子王威嚴無對。	希望眾人得道理、利益、舒服、安穩：「他們如何增長信、戒、聞、施、法、慧；增長金錢、穀物，耕田、宅地，四足、二足(之牲口)；增加妻與子；增加奴僕、親戚、朋友、眷屬？」	成為轉輪王，不消退：金錢、穀物，耕田、宅地，二足、四足(之牲口)；妻子、奴僕、親戚、朋友、眷屬。成為佛陀，不消退：信、戒、聞、施、慧。
(18)兩肩間充滿相 (citantaraṁsa-lakkhaṇa)。又作腋下平滿相、肩膊圓滿相。	同上	同上
(19)兩肩圓度相等相 (samavaṭṭa-kkhandha-lakkhaṇa) 《中阿含59經》：「²¹大人兩肩上連，通頸平滿。」	同上	同上
(20)最上之味覺相(rasagga-saggitā-lakkhaṇa) 脖子之上(舌上)，味覺敏銳傳滋味。大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「二十六、咽喉清淨，所食眾味，無不稱適。」	不以手、石、杖、刀傷害有情。	成為轉輪王，得無病，具有良好的消化功能，不過冷不過熱。成為佛陀，具有良好的消化功能，不過冷不過熱、適度、精勤、堪忍。
(21)眼紺碧青相(abhinīla-netta-lakkhaṇa) 目紺青色相，如青蓮華。《大本經》(T1.5a)︰「三十、眼如牛王，眼上下俱眴。」	不東張西望(na ca visaṭaṁ)，不斜視(na ca visāci)，也不盼望瞻望，如是以直心、慈眼審視眾人。	成為轉輪王，諸人所愛看：婆羅門、居士、市民、村民、財政官、宰相、衛兵、門衛、智囊團、臣子、王子等。成為佛陀，諸人所愛看：比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷、天人、人類、阿修羅、龍(蛇)、乾闥婆。
(22)眼睫如牝牛相(go-pakhuma-lakkhaṇa) 又作眼睫如牛王相，指睫毛整齊而不雜亂。 ^▓³⁸世尊眼睫上下齊整稠密不白。	同上	同上
(23)頭頂有肉髻相(uṇhīsasīsa-lakkhaṇa) 頂上有肉，隆起如髻形之相。《中阿含59經》：「³¹大人頂有肉髻，團圓相稱，髮螺右旋。」 ^▓⁶⁶頂相無能見者。^◆¹無見頂。 --此「無見頂」之說須要保留。	於諸善法為眾人先行者，於眾人釋放身行、口行、意行：慷慨，守戒，行布薩，孝順父母，恭敬沙門、婆羅門，恭敬同族的長老，於其他諸上善法亦同。	成為轉輪王，多扈從：婆羅門、居士、…。成為佛陀，多扈從：即比丘、比丘尼、…。
(24)一一毛由一一毛孔生(相) (ekekalomo ca hoti) 一孔一毛(ekeka-loma)，指一孔各生一毛。《大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「其毛右旋，紺琉璃色。」《中阿含59經》：「¹¹大人一一毛，一一毛者，身一孔一毛生，色若紺青，如螺右旋。」 ^▓⁶⁴世尊身毛紺青光淨。如孔雀項。紅暉綺飾色類赤銅。 ^◆³¹毛處處右旋。	斷妄語、離妄語，說實話，可靠的話，可信賴的話，可信用的話，世間的實話。	成為轉輪王：甚多人來集：婆羅門、居士、…。成為佛陀，甚多人來集：比丘、比丘尼、…。
(25)眉間生白毫毛(相) (uṇṇā bhamukhāntare jātā)。眉間生白毫毛似兜羅綿(odātā mudutūlasannibhā)。《大本經》(T1.5a)︰「三十一、眉間白毫柔軟細澤，引長一尋，放則右旋螺如真珠。」(一尋︰一成人的身高) ^▲⁷⁰眉間毫相光白鮮潔。「白毫相」長一尋，或一丈五尺(T34.29.1)，恐怕是訛傳。	同上	同上
(26)四十齒相 (cattālīsa-lakkhaṇa) 齒有四十顆。	斷離間語，離離間語。於此處聞，不於某處說而離間，且於某處聞，不於此處說而破壞和合。使不和者和合，使和合者更緊密，喜悅和合，說令和合之語。	成為轉輪王，會眾無不和，即：婆羅門、居士、…。成為佛陀，會眾無不和，即：比丘、比丘尼、…。
(27)齒無縫相 (aviraḷadanta-lakkhaṇa)，無間隙，極堅固。《中阿含59經》：「²⁴不踈齒。」	同上	同上
(28)廣長舌相 (pahūta-jivha-lakkhaṇa)又作廣長舌相，舌頭可伸展至髮際。《大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「左右舐耳。」	斷粗惡語，離粗惡語。凡所說無缺點：悅耳、親切、愉快、彬彬有禮，為眾人所愛好，為眾人所歡喜。	成為轉輪王，他所說的話易被接受，得到婆羅門、居士、…等的許諾。成為佛陀，他所說的話易被接受，得到比丘、比丘尼…等的許諾。
(29)梵音之迦陵頻伽聲音(相) (brahmassaro ca karavīkabhāṇī)，梵音(brahmassara)，聲如迦陵頻伽鳥(karavīka-bhāṇi)的清脆。	同上	同上
(30)獅子頰相 (sīhahanulakkhaṇaṁ) 指兩頰隆滿(兩腮圓潤)如獅子頰。 ^▲⁶⁵頰相平滿。^▲⁶⁶頰無缺減。 ^▲⁶⁶頰無過惡。	斷綺語，離綺語；說適時語、已存在語、(有)義語、(有)法語、(有)律語、寶藏語(金科玉律)；適時說理、有節度、引利語。	成為轉輪王：於人間任何仇人、敵人皆不能違犯的。成為佛陀，內外之仇人、敵人：貪、瞋、癡，或沙門、婆羅門、天人、魔、梵天及這世界上的任何人皆不能違犯的。
(31)齒整齊相 (samadantasudāṭhālakkhaṇāni)	捨邪命，以正命為營生，遠離：欺斗秤、偽幣、錯誤的尺寸、賄賂、欺瞞、詐欺、走後門、(用手對眾生)斬切、屠宰、(以粗繩)捆綁、(山中及樹叢中)攔劫、(村、城等)搶劫、打家劫舍。	成為轉輪王，征服四方，安定國土，七寶具足，其七寶者，即︰輪寶、象寶、馬寶、摩尼寶、女寶、居士寶、主兵寶為第七。他有逾千王子，(皆具)勇猛與英雄氣慨，善伐敵軍。他於此大地到海邊，即無荒僻，無惡兆，無刺，繁榮、安定、安全、無麻煩，不用杖罰與刀刑，唯依法征服統治。他有清淨的隨從，即：婆羅門、居士、…。成為佛陀，有清淨的隨從，即：比丘、比丘尼…。
(32)齒純白相(susukkadāṭhālakkhaṇāni)	同上	同上

八十種好

佛陀的身相除了「三十二相」之外，另有更微細的「八十種好」(巴asīti- anubyañjanāni；梵aśīty-anuvyañjanāni)之說，巴利三藏(CSCD)中似乎沒有詳細的列舉。本文依據Encyclopsedia of Buddhism (Vol.1.p.785, 1961.) 列舉的「八十種好」，其中可歸納為三十一類好相，有︰指甲(3)、*指頭(3)、血脈(2)、*腳踝(1)、*足(1)、步行(7)、手肘(12)、性具(1)、膝蓋(1)、*四肢(1)、身光(1)、*身(1)、腹(4)、臍(2)、行為(1)、手掌(4)、唇(1)、臉(1)、*舌(3)、*聲(2)、*齒(5)、鼻(2)、*眼(3)、眼臉(1)、眉(4)、耳(2)、聽力(1)、額(2)、頭(1)、髮(6)，*最後一個︰手足有srīvatsa(卐尚未開展)、svastika(卐)、nandyāvatra(曲線的卐)、vardhamāna(卐增長)。(作‘ * ’作為「三十二相」的更詳細的細相)(詳見︰Mahāvyutpatti(BB.XIII,p.6翻譯名義大集)、Lalitavistara(Lal.106,普曜經)、Dharmasamuccaya(84,阿毗達磨集論)、Dharmapradipikā(13、14, 法燈)。其他資料，如︰《方廣大莊嚴經》(T3.557)、《大般若經》 (T6.968~9、T7.377~8、T7.727、T7.961)、《摩訶般若波羅蜜經》(T8.395~6)…等，則有出入。以下逐項說明，並以‘^▲’、‘^▓’、‘^◆’分別代表上面列舉的三部經，做輔助及補充說明。

【指甲】︰赤銅色指甲(tāmranakha)；軟指甲(snigdhanakha)；長指甲(tuṅganakha)。

^▓¹指爪狹長薄潤，光潔鮮淨如花赤銅。

【指頭】︰手指圓滿(vṛttaṅguli)；手指勻稱(anupūrvāṅguli)；手指形好(citāṅguli)。

【筋脈】︰筋脈不露(nigūḍhasirā)；筋脈無結(nirgranthiśirā)。

【腳踝】︰(兩)踝俱隱(gūḍhagulpha)。

【足】︰足無不平(avisamapāda)。

【步行】︰舉步如獅(siṃhavikrānta- gāmin, ^▓⁸行步威容齊肅，如師子王)；舉步如象(nāgavikrāntagāmin, ^▓⁷行步直進庠審，如龍象王)；舉步如鵝(haṃsavikrāntagāmin,

^▓¹⁰行步進止儀雅，猶如鵝王)；舉步如牛(vṛṣabhavikrāntagāmin, ^▓⁹行步安平庠序不過不減猶如牛王)；舉步右旋(pradakṣiṇāvartagāmin)；舉步優美(cārugāmin)；舉步直行(avakragāmin)。

^▓⁶⁸行時其足去地，如四指量而現印文。

^◆⁸行時足去地四寸而印文現。

「世尊履虛去地四寸」(T2.774.2)。

「猶如如來行則履虛離地四寸，地上印文炳然自現。」(T4.752.1)

「若行時足離地四寸，千輻相文跡現於地。」(T25.35.3)

在北傳經典有記載世尊平常走路離地之說，甚至於納入「八十種好」，但巴利三藏中似乎無此說。

【手肘】︰(1)直手肘(avakra gātra)；

(2)飽滿的手肘(vṛtta°)；(3)精緻的手肘(mṛṣṭa°)；(4)勻稱的手肘(anupūrva°)；(5)乾淨的手肘(suci°)；(6)柔軟的手肘(mṛdu°)；(7)無瑕疵的手肘(viśuddha°)；(8)柔美的手肘(sukumāra°) ；(9)無卑劣的手肘(adīna°)；(10)無受損的手肘(anutsanna°)；(11)形好的手肘(susaṃhata°)；

(12)無斑點的手肘(vyapagatatilakālaka°)。

【性具】︰完美的男性器官 (paripūrṇa-vyañjana)。

【膝蓋】︰膝輪圓滿(pṛthucārujāṇu- maṇḍala)。

^▓¹⁴世尊膝輪妙善安布堅固圓滿。

【四肢】︰四肢相稱(suvibhaktāṅgapraty- āṅguli)。

^▓³手足各等無差，於諸指間悉皆充密。

^▓⁴手足圓滿，如意，軟淨，光澤，色如蓮華。

^▓¹⁸身支堅固，稠密，善相屬著。

^▓¹⁹身支安定、敦重，曾不掉動，圓滿，無壞。

^▓⁶⁷手足指約分明，莊嚴，妙好，如赤銅色。

【身光】︰「(身)光一尋」(byāmappabhā)。

^▲³²身有光明。

^▲³⁹身極淨遍發光明破諸冥瞑。

^▓²¹身有周匝圓光，於行等時恒自照曜。

把「身光」作為佛陀「三十二相」之一，有︰《過去現在因果經》卷第一(T3.627.2)︰「十五者、身光面一丈。」(《大智度論》卷第八十八同) 記載佛陀有「身光」的經典則不少。

【身】︰全身和悅(samantaprāsādika)。

^▲⁶¹見者皆生喜。

^▲⁶⁸身不缺減，無所譏嫌。

^▓²⁰身相猶如仙王，周匝端嚴，光淨離翳。

【腹】︰(1)腹渾圓(vṛtta-kukṣi)；(2)腹形好(mṛṣṭa-kukṣi)；(3)腹勻稱(abhugna-kukṣi)；(4)腹纖細(kṣāmodara)。

^▲⁴⁵腹圓滿。^▲⁴⁶腹妙好。^▲⁴⁷腹不偏曲。

^▲⁴⁸腹相不現。

^▓²²腹形方正無缺，柔軟不現，眾相莊嚴。

【臍】︰深臍(gabhīra-nābhi)；臍右旋(dakṣiṇāvatra-nābhi)。

^▓²³臍深右旋，圓妙，清淨光澤。

^▓²⁴臍厚，不窊、不凸，周匝妙好。

【行為】︰動作乾淨俐落(sucisamācāra)。

【手掌】︰掌柔如棉 (tulasadṛśa- sukumārapāṇi)；(snigdhapāṇi-lekha)；掌紋深(gambhīrapāṇi-lekha)；掌紋長(āyatapāṇi-lekha)。

【唇】︰丹唇(bimboṣṭha)。

^▲¹⁷脣色赤好，如頻婆果。

^▓²⁸脣色光潤，丹暉，如頻婆果，上下相稱。

口相，以「口赤如丹」，為享受榮華富貴之相。丹唇是好相，再配其他的膚、齒、髮等身相，則說為「丹唇外朗，膚如凝脂」，「丹唇皓齒，烏髮雪膚」。

【臉】︰臉不過長(nātyāyata-vadana)。

^▓²⁹面門不長不短，不大不小，如量端嚴。

^▓⁴⁴世尊容儀能令見者無損無染皆生愛敬。

^▓⁵⁷面輪脩廣得所，皎潔光淨，如秋滿月。

^▓⁵⁸顏貌舒泰光顯，含笑先言，唯向不背。

(T2.884b也作︰「未問而先自笑」。世尊有時遇某因緣會微笑，但是平時不會‘未言先笑’。)

^▓⁵⁹面貌光澤熙怡，遠離顰蹙，青赤等過。

^▓⁷⁹顏容常少不老，好巡舊處。

^◆³⁸面廣姝。^◆³⁹面如月。

【舌】︰軟舌(mṛdujihvā)；薄舌 (tanujihvā)；紅舌(raktajihvā)。

^▓³⁰舌相軟、薄、廣、長，如赤銅色。

【聲】︰聲如象吼(gajagarjita, jīmūtaghoṣa)；聲韻優美(madhuracārusvara)。

^▲¹⁸聲不麤獷；^▲¹⁹聲如雷音，清暢和雅。

^▓³¹發聲威震深遠，如象王吼，明朗清徹。

^▓³³音韻美妙具足，如深谷響。

^▓⁶⁵法音隨眾大小，不增不減，應理無差。

^▓⁷¹音聲不高不下，隨眾生意，和悅與言。

^▓⁷²能隨諸有情類，言音意樂，而為說法。

^▓⁷³一音演說正法，隨有情類，各令得解。

^▓⁷⁴說法咸依次第，必有因緣，言無不善。

^◆⁴⁷聲分滿足(聲有六十種分佛皆具足)。

【齒】︰(1)齒圓(vṛttadaṃṣṭrā)；(2)齒利(tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭrā)；(3)齒白(śukladaṃṣṭrā)；(4)齒整齊(sama-daṃṣṭrā)；(5)齒勻稱(anupūrvadaṃṣṭrā)。

^▓³⁴諸齒方整、鮮白。

^▓³⁵諸牙圓白、光潔，漸次鋒利。

【鼻】︰「高鼻」(tuṅganāsa)；優美的鼻子(sucināsa)。

^▲⁵³鼻高修直。

^▓³³鼻高脩而且直，其孔不現。

^◆²鼻直高，好孔不現。

中國人說「鼻聳天庭穴」或「鼻高通天庭的龍鼻」，為聲名遠播之相。

【眼】︰眼睛澄澈(viśuddha-netra)；大眼睛(viśāla-netra)；眼睛分明如白蓮黑蓮(黑白分明)(sitāsitakamaladalanayana)。

^▲⁵⁴兩目明淨。^▲⁵⁵目無垢穢。^▲⁵⁶目美妙。

^▲⁵⁷目脩廣。^▲⁵⁸目端正。^▲⁵⁹目如青蓮。

^▓³⁶眼淨青白分明。

^▓³⁷眼相脩廣譬如青蓮華葉甚可愛樂。

^◆⁵³廣長眼。

眼相，以「目秀而長」貴比君王。

【眼瞼】︰眼瞼細緻(citrapakṣma)。

^▓³⁸眼睫上下齊整，稠密不白。

【眉】︰修長眉(āyatabhrū)；滑潤眉(ślakṣṇabhrū)；順次靡毛眉(anulomabhrū)；柔美眉(snigdhabhrū)。

^▲⁶⁰眉纖而長。^▲⁶¹見者皆生喜。^▲⁶²眉色青紺。^▲⁶³眉端漸細。^▲⁶⁴兩眉頭微相接連。

^▓³⁹雙眉長而不白，緻而細軟。

^▓⁴⁰雙眉綺靡順次，紺琉璃色。

^▓⁴¹雙眉高顯光潤，形如初月。

^◆³眉如初生月，紺琉璃色。

眉相，以「眉清高長」為聲名遠揚或高壽之相。

【耳】︰(兩)耳厚長(pīnāyata-karṇa)；「兩耳均等」(sama-karṇa)。

^▓⁴²耳厚、廣大、脩長，輪埵成就。

^▓⁴³兩耳綺麗、齊平，離眾過失。

耳相，一看輪廓，二看厚薄，三看高低，四看耳色。以「兩耳垂肩，耳帶垂珠，耳門垂厚」，為富貴命。中國人有說到「兩耳垂肩」的異相，似乎是誇張的。

【聽力】︰聽力無瑕疵(anupahata- karṇendriya)。

【額】︰額廣飽滿(supariṇatalalāṭa) ；額形殊妙(pṛthulalāṭa)。

^▲⁷¹額廣平正。

^▓⁴⁵額廣圓滿平正，形相殊妙。

面相，看「天庭(上額)飽滿，地稞(下額)方圓」。上部（上額）為天，中部為人，下部為地。人、天、地各有表徵，天部主要是表徵早年的運氣，以及豐厚運道。面龐開闊，天庭飽滿，氣宇軒昂是上好之相。

【頭】︰頭形殊妙(paripūrṇottamāṅga)。

^▓⁷⁸頂骨堅實圓滿。

^▲⁷²頭頂圓滿。

^◆⁴⁶頭如磨陀羅果(madana, 或稱‘醉果’、 ‘醉人果’，大如檳榔，不圓不長)。

【髮】︰(1)黑髮(asitakeśa)；(2)髮型好(citakeśa)；(3)髮滑潤(ślakṣṇakeśa)；(4)髮不打結(asamlulitakeśa)；(5)髮軟(aparuṣakeśa)；(6)髮有香(surabhikeśa)。

^▲⁷³七十三髮美黑。^▲⁷⁴髮細軟。^▲⁷⁵髮不亂。

^▲⁷⁶髮香潔。^▲⁷⁷髮潤澤。^▲⁷⁸髮有五卍字。

^▲⁷⁹髮彩螺旋。^▲⁸⁰髮有難陀越多吉輪魚相。

^▓⁴⁷首髮脩長紺青，稠密不白。

^▓⁴⁸首髮香潔細軟，潤澤旋轉。

^▓⁴⁹首髮齊整無亂，亦不交雜。

^▓⁵⁰首髮堅固不斷，永無褫落。

^▓⁵¹首髮光滑殊妙，塵垢不著。

^◆⁷²髮長好。^◆⁷³髮好。^◆⁷⁴髮不亂。

^◆⁷⁵髮不破。^◆⁷⁶髮柔軟。^◆⁷⁷髮青毘琉璃色。

^◆⁷⁸髮絞上。^◆⁷⁹髮不稀。

【吉祥相】︰手足(指端?)有srīvatsa(此字可能指尚未開展的卐，呈現為螺旋形，不是方方正正的字形。)、svastika(卐)、nandyāvatra (曲線的卐)、vardhamāna(原意:增長；卐的四支增長)。(卐有時作左旋卍)。佛陀‘身毛向上相’含有毛向右旋，因此推論‘卐’字乃右旋。

^▲⁷髮有難陀越多吉輪魚相(nandyāvatra (曲線的卐)。

^▓⁸⁰手足及胸臆前，俱有吉祥喜旋德相(指胸毛含有螺旋形的卐)，文同綺畫色類朱丹。

^◆⁸⁰胸有「德」字(卐)，手足有「吉」字(卐)。

北傳的佛像，往往在佛陀的胸前刻有卍字，是以諸多經典傳說作根據。

佛陀有體「香」的傳說，有些經典列入「八十種好」，如︰《方廣大莊嚴經》(T3.557.3)︰「七十六、髮香潔。」《大般若經》(T6.968.3)︰「世尊首髮香潔細軟潤澤旋轉，是四十八。…世尊所有諸毛孔中，常出如意微妙之香，是六十一。世尊面門常出最上殊勝之香，是六十二。」《坐禪三昧經》卷上(T15.276.3)︰「四十一者、毛孔出香風。四十二者、口出香氣眾生遇者樂法七日。」佛陀住在祇園精舍的寮房稱為「香室」(gandhakūtī)，可能因為佛陀發散體香而滿室生香，才稱呼「香室」。

結論

古印度人就有「三十二相」的傳說，但是他們不知道其原因(D.30./III,145.)，學習本經就可以很清楚知道原因，透過身相的觀察，也可以審查自他的善業呈現，若見好相，則隨喜自他善業。 ¶

(D.31./III,180.)

Каталог: canon -> pali-tipitaka-f1 -> 1-Dighanikaya
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> Aṅguttaranikāyo -5 Pañcakanipātapāḷi
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> From Chattha Savgayana Released by Dhammavassarama
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> Samyuttanikayo-1 相應部 Sagathavaggo
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> Mahavaggapali (Vin. Mv.；mahava.)
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> Avguttaranikayo -6 Chakkanipatapali
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> Parajikapali (Vin para.)
pali-tipitaka-f1 -> Avguttaranikayo -8 Atthakanipatapali

tải về 9.84 Mb.

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