Connecta learning pack 9

Equivalence or reformulation

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4.6 Equivalence or reformulation
Equivalence or reformulation uses a completely different expression to transmit the same meaning. It is normally used to translate idioms and content related to culture. For instance:

English-French: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush/ Un chien vivant vaut mieux qu'un lion mort.
English-Spanish: Fresh as a cucumber / Fresco como una lechuga.
English – Spanish: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush/ Más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando.
English-German: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush/ Besser ein Spatz (a sparrow) in der Hand als eine Taube (a dove) auf dem Dach.

4.6.1 Exercise 7
E7, Q1: Select two sentences from your screenplay and translate them using equivalence or reformulation. (Tip: if you don’t have any sentences in your screenplay that can be translated using a reformulation approach, you might want to use this exercise to add some).
Sentence 1:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Glossary

English	Español	Français	Deutsch
Borrowing	Enfoque	Emprunter	die Direktentlehnung to borrow = leihen
Calque	Préstamo	Calque	die Lehnübersetzung
Domestication	Calco	Naturalisation	die Domestizierung
Equivalence	Domesticación	Equivalence	die Äquivalenz
Foreignisation	Equivalencia	Exotisation	die Verfremdung
Literal Translation	Extranjerización	Traduction littérale	die wortgetreue Übersetzung
Approach	Traducción literal	Approche	der Ansatz
Method	Método	Méthode	die Methode
Modulation	Modulación	Modulation	die Modulation (die Perspektivenverschiebung)
Reformulation	Reformulación	Reformulation	die Umformulierung
Source Text	Texto de origen	Texte Source	der Ausgangstext
Strategy	Estrategia	Stratégie	die Strategie
Target Text	Texto meta	Texte cible	der Zieltext
Technique	Técnica	Technique	die Technik
Translation	Traducción	Traduction	die Übersetzung
Transposition	Transposición	Transposition	die Transposition (der Wortartwechsel)

6. Self-assessment
After completing the exercises, tick the column that best represents how you feel about the following statements:

	Not at all confident	Nearly there	Very confident
1 I understand what translation is and its purpose.
2 I am aware of the difference between translation techniques for single sentences and translation methods applied to the whole text.
3 I know how to apply the different translation methods to my texts.
4 I have an idea of the advantages and disadvantages of each translation method.
5 I can name at least four translation techniques.
6 I know how to apply the different translation techniques to my texts.

7. References

Mathieu (2016) 7 Translation Techniques to Facilitate Your Work. Available at: https://culturesconnection.com/7-translation-techniques/ .
Ordudari, M. (2007) Translation procedures, strategies and methods. Translation Journal. 11 Available at: https://translationjournal.net/journal/41culture.htm.
Umamaheshwari, J. Techniques and methods of translation. Iosr. pp.40-42. Available at: http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Conf.TS/Volume-1/15.%2040-42.pdf.

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