*
Correspondence: Mahmoud.dawood@agr.kfs.edu.eg (M.A.O.D.); sewilam@aucegypt.edu (H.S.)
Abstract:
The increasing global population has led to an increase in food demand; consequently,
aquaculture is one of the food production sectors that has offered opportunities to alleviate hunger,
malnutrition, and poverty. However, the development of a sustainable aquaculture industry has
been hindered by the limited availability of natural resources as well as its negative impact on
the surrounding environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for better aquacultural
production systems that, despite their high productivity and profitability, utilize fewer resources
such as water, energy, land, and capital in conjunction with a negligible impact on the environment.
Biofloc technology (BFT) is one of the most exciting and promising sustainable aquaculture systems;
it takes into account the intensive culture of aquatic species, zero water exchange, and improved
water quality as a result of beneficial microbial biomass activity, which, at the same time, can be
utilized as a nutritious aquaculture feed, thus lowering the costs of production. Furthermore, BFT
permits the installation of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems in which the wastes
of one organism are utilized as feed by another organism, without a detrimental effect on co-cultured
species. This review, therefore, highlights the basics of BFT, factors associated with BFT for the
successful production of aquatic species, the significance of this food production system for the
sustainable production of economically important aquatic species, its economic aspects, drawbacks,
limitations, and recommended management aspects for sustainable aquaculture.
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