Figure 6. Effects of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger co-cultivation fermentation extract on β diversity calculated
using Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, based on OTU level of TMR (B), corn silage (C), oat hay (D), alfalfa hay (E), and all (A).
Groups were significantly different using PERMANOVA analysis. AOAN indicates fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae
and Aspergillus niger co-cultivation fermentation extract. CON group indicates all feeds without AOAN supplementation.
AOAN group indicates all feeds with AOAN supplementation. TMR, total mixed ration.
The dominant bacterial phyla (relative abundance > 1%) included Firmicutes (51.76 ±
7.51%), Bacteroidetes (36.67 ± 7.10%), Proteobacteria (7.54 ± 2.79%), and Actinobacteria
(1.30 ± 0.52%) (Figure 7).
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