Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis

266
Advanced automotive fault diagnosis
energy converters! The basic principles are still
valid; for example, the ignition still needs to be
advanced under cruise conditions when the mix-
ture is weaker, whether this is done mechani-
cally or electronically. Likewise, any electrical
circuit not conducting a current – is broken –
somewhere!
There are always a few simple rules to follow.
●
Don’t overlook the obvious.
●
Look for simple solutions first.
●
Always get as much information as possible
up front.
●
Never assume anything … check it yourself.
●
Be logical when diagnosing faults.
●
Most of all, have confidence in your ability.
Follow these rules, never be afraid to ask for help
and learn from the experience. You will build up
a portfolio of useful experience and knowledge
that will help develop your career as a diagnostic
expert. There is nothing that quite beats the feel-
ing of solving a problem, especially if you know
that it has puzzled other people before you – to
the point that they have given up!
Good Luck!
Figure 11.7 One section from the Auto-Solve CD

ABS, 174, 175, 180
ABS speed sensor, 40, 41
AC, 164, 165
Accuracy, 25, 26
Actuator, 49, 94, 240
Advance angle, 108, 135
Aerial, 221
Air bag, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245
Air conditioning, 214, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 
239
Air-cooled system, 148
Air cored gauge, 227
Air flow meter, 40, 42, 89, 92, 124, 141
Air flow sensor, 38, 91
Air supply, 131, 137, 144, 147, 148
Air temperature, 135, 147
Alternator, 4, 58, 159, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 228
Ampere hour capacity, 156
Antifreeze, 150, 151
Anti-lock brakes see ABS
Anti-roll bar, 192, 193
Automatic gearbox, 253, 254, 257
Automatic temperature control, 236
Auxiliaries, 209, 215
Auxiliary systems, 12, 214, 225
Back probing, 17
Battery, 58, 112, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 242
Battery charger, 157, 158
Battery rating, 155
Beam axles, 190
Beam setting, 209
Before top dead centre (BTDC), 101, 111, 114, 135
Belt tensioners, 241, 243, 244, 245
Bimetal, 227
Black box, 13, 14, 231, 240
Block diagram, 13, 19, 124, 175, 229, 243, 
257, 258
Blower motors, 233
Bonding, 221
Boost charging, 157
(Booster) brake servo, 171
Brake, 169, 171, 172, 177
Brake adjusters, 170
Brake disk, 172
Brake fluid, 172
Brake lights, 202, 212, 213
Brake roller, 172, 173
Braking efficiency, 171, 172
Bypass filtration, 152
California Air Resources Board see CARB
Calliper, 170
Camber, 184, 187
Camshaft drives, 99
Camshaft sensor, 42, 114
CAN, 31, 36, 37, 59, 60, 201, 202
CAN controller, 202
CAN diagnostics, 202
CAN-High, 59, 60, 202
CAN-Low, 59, 60, 202
CAN signals, 59, 202, 203
Capacitors, 197, 221
CARB, 62, 63, 74, 75
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
), 34, 62
Carbon monoxide see CO
Carburation, 104, 105
Carburettor, 103, 104, 106
Castor, 184, 185
Catalytic converter, 62, 121, 130, 146
Charging, 156, 157, 159, 163, 166, 167, 168, 220
Charging circuits, 166, 167
Chip, 199, 200
Choke, 104, 105, 106, 199
Circuit, 14, 166, 197, 199, 200, 204, 211, 229
Circuit testing, 66, 163, 168, 209, 215
Closed loop, 19, 46, 68, 92, 110, 111, 133
Closed loop control, 110, 133, 239
Clutch, 161, 247
CO, 34, 62, 73, 120, 130, 146, 262
Coil, 55, 56, 108, 114, 117
Cold cranking amps (CCA), 156
Colour codes, 15
Common rail (CR) diesel, 36, 51, 52, 129
Common rail, 51, 52, 129
Compression, 35, 59, 78, 98, 101, 132
Compression tester, 35, 101
Condensation, 234
Condenser, 234, 235
Constant current, 157
Constant energy, 55, 109, 111, 136
Constant velocity joints, 249
Constant voltage, 157, 165, 227
Constant voltage charging, 157, 164
Constantly variable TransaXle see CTX
Constantly variable transmission, 254
Control maps, 136
Controller area network see CAN
Coolant, 148, 149, 150
Coolant temperature, 44, 87, 111, 126, 135, 236
Cooling, 115, 148, 149, 150, 151
Index

Cooling fan, 149, 212, 214
CR injector, 52, 130
Crank sensor, 42, 43, 81
Crankcase ventilation, 153
Crankshaft, 42, 71, 129, 151
Crankshaft position sensor, 114
Crankshaft sensor, 70, 87, 111
Crash sensor, 93, 242, 243
Cruise control, 239, 240, 241
CTX, 254, 255
Cylinder layouts, 99
Cylinder leakage tester, 101
Cylinder pressure sensor, 83
Dampers, 194
Darlington pair, 199
Data sources, 21
DC, 164, 165
Diagnostic, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 20, 40, 61, 101, 106, 
117, 119, 126, 130, 138, 147, 150, 153, 172, 
177, 180, 186, 195, 202, 237, 240, 244, 251, 
256, 260
Diagnostic-expert, 266
Diagnostic link connector see DLC
Diagnostic routine, 7
Diagnostic trouble code see DTC
Dial gauge, 172
Diesel engines, 128, 131, 263
Diesel fuel injection pump, 127
Diesel injection, 127, 129
Differential, 250, 251
Differential locks, 250
Digital instrumentation, 227
Digital multimeter, 12, 17
Diode, 197, 200, 229
Direct ignition, 55, 114
Direct ignition system see DIS
DIS, 57, 82, 114, 117
DIS coil, 114, 117
Disc brakes, 169, 170, 171
Display techniques, 230
Distributorless ignition, 57, 112
DLC, 80
Door locking, 223
Driveshafts, 248, 249
Drum brake disc, 169
Drum brakes, 169, 170, 171
DTC, 32, 64, 65, 67, 74
Duty cycle, 54, 95
Dwell angle, 109, 132
Dynamic position sensors, 93
ECU, 25, 40, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 69, 111, 123, 124,
126, 128, 135, 136, 176, 211, 222, 224, 227, 234,
236, 242, 256, 265
EGR, 71, 72, 73, 84, 120, 130, 133
EGR valve, 97, 120
Electric horns, 212
Electric seat, 221, 222
Electric window, 223, 224
Electrical and electronic symbols, 198
Electrode, 115, 116
Electrohydraulic, 258
Electronic components, 197, 200
Electronic control unit see ECU
Electronic diesel control (EDC), 129
Electronic ignition, 109, 111, 112
Electronic spark advance (ESA), 111
Electronically controlled automatic transmission
(ECAT), 256, 257, 258
Emission, 33, 34, 61, 62, 63, 66, 120, 122, 127, 128,
129, 130, 263
Engine, 11, 14, 32, 34, 78, 83, 84, 98, 99, 101, 102,
108, 111, 124, 132, 135, 138, 143, 152, 153, 160,
233, 253, 262, 265
Engine analysers, 32
Engine control, 25, 133, 256
Engine management, 108, 124, 132, 134, 135, 
143, 144
Engine noise, 11, 145
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 62, 65, 74
EOBD, 65, 75, 76, 78, 80, 83, 141
Epicyclic gear sets, 255
Epicyclic gearbox, 254
European on-board diagnostics see EOBD
EVAP, 68, 84
Evaporation, 234
Evaporative system, 68, 80
Evaporator, 234, 235
Exhaust, 9, 99, 144, 147, 148
Exhaust emissions, 20, 74, 120, 122, 129
Exhaust gas measurement, 34
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), 71, 72, 97, 120,
128, 129, 130
Exhaust systems, 144
Fast idle, 105, 124, 125
Fault, 1, 7, 17, 20, 30, 58, 64, 79, 84, 102, 107, 108,
117, 122, 126, 131, 138, 139, 148, 151, 154, 156,
157, 163, 167, 168, 173, 174, 178, 181, 189, 190,
195, 209, 212, 215, 219, 225, 230, 231, 237, 238,
241, 252, 253, 257
Fault code, 17, 30, 80
Feedback resistors, 222
Field effect transistor (FET), 199
Filter, 147
Final drive, 250, 253
Fixed choke carburettor, 104
Four stroke cycle, 98
Four-wheel drive (4 WD), 250, 251
Front axle, 191
Fuel filter, 125, 137
Fuel injection, 23, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129
Fuel injector, 94
Fuel pressure gauge, 106
Fuel pressure regulator, 125, 137
Fuel pump, 106, 124, 136, 141
Fuel rail, 137
Full-flow filtration, 152
Future of diagnostics, 260

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