Positive language thường conveys nhiều thông tin hơn negative language does
Posstive messages are uplifting and pleasant to read
Using positive language helps the writer avoid negative words that create ill-will
Avoiding gender-, age-, and disability-biased language Preferring Using precise and vigorous words
3-1. DRAFTING WORKPLACE MESSAGES BEGINS WITH RESEARCH (1 of 9)
-The faster you can articulate your ideas and the more efficiently you can explain what needs to be said, the more successful content you will be in your career
-Being able to write efficiently and clearly is also critical to promotions
-The 3x3 writing process guides you through the steps necessary to write confidently, but more important, clearly
2 of 9: The 3x3 writing process
Prewriting
Drafting
Revising
-Analyze: Decide on the message purpose
-Anticipate: How will the audience receive this message?
-Adapt: Think about techniques to present this message most effectively
-Research: Gather background data by searching files and the Internet
-Organize: Arrange direct messages with the big idea first
-Draft: Prepare the first draft
-Edit: Strive for parallelism, clarity, conciseness and readability
-Proofread: Check carefully for errors
-Evaluate: Will this message achieve your purpose?
3 of 9: -The writing process begins with background information
+No savvy businessperson would begin drafting a message before gathering background information or conducting research
+Research simply means collecting information about a topic
+Information collected through research helps you shape the sender’s message
4 of 9: -Thoughtful writers collect information that answers several questions:
+What does the receiver need to know about this topic?
+What is the receiver to do?
+How is the receiver to do it?
+When must the receiver do it?
+What will happen if the receiver does not do it?
5 of 9: Informal research
-Many routine tasks such as drafting e-mails, memos, letters, informational reports and oral presentations – require information that you can collect informally
-The following techniques are useful in informal research:
+Search your company’s files
+Talk with the boss
+Interview the target audience
+Create an informal survey
+Brainstorm for ideas
6 of 9: -Formal research
-Information for long reports and proposals may be obtained through formal research using primary or secondary sources
-Primary sources:
+Primary data come from firsthand experience
+This information might be generated from surveys, interviews, observations and experiments
7 of 9: Secondary sources
-Secondary data come from reading what others have experienced or observed and writen about
-Books, magazines, journals and online resources are all considered secondary sources
-Most writers conducting research begin with secondary sources
8 of 9: -Traditionally, teams have generated ideas by brainstorming, the spontaneous contribution of ideas by team members
+A facilitator records these ideas
+The emphasis is on quantity, not quality
+Judgement is discouraged because the goal is to think freely
+Critics charge that the practice may enable one noisy extrovert to dominate the conversation
9 of 9: -Mind mapping is a process for generating and sorting ideas
+Mind mapping emphasizes visual concepts, beginning with a single concept drawn as an image in the center of a blank page
+Associated words and images branch out treelike showing the relationship between the ideas and the central concept
-What idea-generating method works for you?