Eco-friendly synthesis of Cynomorium coccineum extract for controlled production of copper nanoparticles for sorption of methylene blue dye



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Eco-friendly-synthesis-of-Cynomorium-coccineum-extract-for- 2020 Arabian-Jou



Eco-friendly synthesis of
Cynomorium coccineum
extract for controlled production of copper
nanoparticles for sorption of methylene blue dye
Nouha Sebeia
b
, Mahjoub Jabli
a
,
b
, Adel Ghith
b
, Tawfik A. Saleh
c
,
*
a
Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia
b
Textile Materials and Process Research (LMPTEX), National School of Engineering of Monastir (ENIM), Monastir 5000,
Tunisia
c
Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Received 28 March 2019; accepted 20 July 2019
Available online 29 July 2019
KEYWORDS
Biological;
Cynomorium coccineum
;
Nanoparticles;
Nano-adsorbent;
Molecular solute-solvent
interactions;
Molecular-level (micro-
scopic) interactions in
solutions
Abstract
A biological extract of Cynomorium coccineum was used for the synthesis of copper
nanoparticles using copper sulphate as a starting matter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FT-IR) showed the presence of the functional groups characteristics of biological extract, i.e.,
triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, and other reducing agents. SEM analysis showed that the surface
of the particles were clusters and rough. The Elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)
proved the purity of the particles, showing the presence of elemental copper oxide which was sur-
rounded with some elements of the plant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed that the crys-
talline nature of the particles was affected by temperature. The average crystallite size was
calculated to be about 14.2 nm. The total weight loss registered within the thermogravimetric
(TG) analysis was 52.8%, suggesting that about 47.2% of the metallic copper is present in the pre-
pared copper nanoparticles which supported the data reported within EDX analysis. The adsorp-
tion characteristics of the nanoadsorbents were examined using methylene blue as adsorbate and
the bio-sorption capacity reached 64 mg/g at room temperature. The values of B and b
t
, calculated
from Temkin equation, increased with the increase in temperature (295–328 K), indicating
endothermic adsorption and strong dye-nanoadsorbent interaction. The mean free energy
(E = 100–129.1 kJ/mol), calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich indicated that the chemisorption
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address:
tawfik@kfupm.edu.sa
(T.A. Saleh).
URL:
http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/CHEM/tawfik/publications.html
(T.A. Saleh).
Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.

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