International Criminal Court

Understanding the International Criminal Court

International Criminal Court
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19. How are the judges elected?
The judges are persons of high moral character, impartiality and integrity who 
possess the qualifications required in their respective States for appointment to the 
highest judicial offices. All have extensive experience relevant to the Court’s
judicial activity.
The judges are elected by the Assembly of States Parties on the basis of their 
established competence in criminal law and procedure and in relevant areas of 
international law such as international humanitarian law and the law of human
rights. They have extensive expertise on specific issues, such as violence against
women or children.
The election of the judges takes into account the need for the representation of the 
principal legal systems of the world, a fair representation of men and women, and 
equitable geographical distribution.
The judges ensure the fairness of proceedings and the proper administration
of justice.
20. What is the role of the Pre-Trial Chambers?
The Pre-Trial Chambers, each of which is composed of either one or three judges, 
resolve all issues which arise before the trial phase begins. Their role is essentially 
to supervise how the Office of the Prosecutor carries out its investigatory and 
prosecutorial activities, to guarantee the rights of suspects, victims and witnesses 
during the investigatory phase, and to ensure the integrity of the proceedings. 
The Pre-Trial Chambers then decide whether or not to issue warrants of arrest or 
summonses to appear at the Office of the Prosecutor’s request and whether or not 
to confirm the charges against a person suspected of a crime. They may also decide 
on the admissibility of situations and cases and on the participation of victims at 
the pre-trial stage.

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