§éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n
§éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n ®îc sö dông ®Ó chØ ra mét ngêi g©y cho ngêi thø hai lµm mét viÖc g× ®ã cho ngêi thø nhÊt. Mét ngêi cã thÓ g©y cho ai ®ã ph¶i lµm c¸i g× ®ã cho anh ta hoÆc cho chÞ ta qua viÖc chi tr¶ tiÒn, yªu cÇu, hoÆc cìng Ðp ngêi ®ã. C¸c ®éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n lµ: have, get, make.
Have/ get / make
MÖnh ®Ò theo sau have hoÆc get cã thÓ ë d¹ng chñ ®éng hoÆc bÞ ®éng.
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To have smb do smth = to get smb to do smth
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(Sai ai, khiÕn ai, b¶o ai lµm g×)
Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car.)
Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car.)
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To have / get smth done
(®a c¸i g× ®i lµm...)
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- B¶n th©n m×nh kh«ng lµm ®îc nªn nhê 1 ngêi kh¸c lµm.
VÝ dô:
Mary got the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.)
Mary had the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.)
I have the laundry washed. (the laundry is washed by someone)
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To want / like something done
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MÉu c©u hái cña 2 ®éng tõ nµy sÏ lµ:
- What do you want done to ... Anh muèn lµm g× víi ....
VÝ dô:
- What do you want done to your motorbike?
- I’d like it repaired and cleaned
hoÆc I want it repaired and cleaned.
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To make smb do smth = to force smb to do smth
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( buéc ai ph¶i lµm g×.)
VÝ dô:
The robber forced the teller to give him the money.
= The robber made the teller give him the money.
§éng tõ to make v¶ to cause cßn ®îc dïng theo mÉu sau:
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smb
smth
To make/ to cause + P2
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(lµm cho ai, c¸i g× bÞ lµm sao)
VÝ dô:
Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.
The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged.
- §»ng sau ®éng tõ to make cßn cã thÓ dïng 1 tÝnh tõ.
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To make smb / smth + adjective
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VÝ dô:
Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.
§i theo híng nµy th× ®éng tõ to find cã thÓ dïng theo c«ng thøc:
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To find + smb/ smth + adjective (P1- P2)
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NÕu lµ ph©n tõ 1 sÏ mang tÝnh chñ ®éng cßn ph©n tõ 2 mang tÝnh bÞ ®éng.
VÝ dô:
I found her quite interesting to talk to.
My sister found snakes frightening - con r¾n ®¸ng sî.
We found the boy frightened - b¶n th©n th»ng bÐ sî.
Let
Let thêng ®îc bæ sung vµ danh s¸ch c¸c ®éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n trong c¸c s¸ch ng÷ ph¸p. Nhng thùc chÊt th× nã kh«ng ph¶i lµ ®éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n. Nã nghÜa lµ allow hay permit. Ta h·y lu ý sù kh¸c nhau vÒ mÆt ng÷ ph¸p khi sö dông to let vµ to allow hay permit.
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permit
allow
Let sb do smth = to sb to do smth
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(cho phÐp ai, ®Ó ai lµm g×)
VÝ dô:
John let his daughter swim with her friends.
(John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.)
(John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.)
The teacher let the students leave class early.
The policeman let the suspect make one phone call.
Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday.
Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend.
We are going to let her write the letter.
Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.
Help
Help thùc chÊt còng kh«ng ph¶i lµ mét ®éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n, nhng nãi chung ®îc xem xÐt cïng víi c¸c ®éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n trong c¸c s¸ch ng÷ ph¸p. Nã thêng ®i víi ®éng tõ ë d¹ng simple form (tøc lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ bá to), nhng cã thÓ ®i víi ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ trong mét sè trêng hîp.
to do smth
do smth
To help smb - gièng nhau vÒ nghÜa.
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(gióp ai lµm g×)
VÝ dô:
John helped Mary wash the dishes.
Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi.
The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials.
- NÕu t©n ng÷ sau help lµ mét ®¹i tõ v« nh©n xng mang nghÜa ngêi ta th× ngêi ta bá ®i vµ vµ bá lu«n c¶ to cña ®éng tõ ®»ng sau.
VÝ dô:
This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly.
- NÕu t©n ng÷ cña help vµ t©n ng÷ thø 2 cña ®éng tõ ®»ng sau trïng hîp nhau th× ngêi ta bá t©n ng÷ sau help vµ bá lu«n c¶ to cña ®éng tõ ®»ng sau.
VÝ dô:
The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.
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