Ministry of construction

1. 
   Abbreviations in the Table:
   

C: indicator in the Set of indicators

MNTD: Northern Mountainous and Midland Region

DBSH: Red River Delta Region

VBMT: Central Coast Region

TN: Highland Region

DNB: Southern East Region

DBCL: Mekong Delta Region

2. 
   The following data are the total of 84 Utilities (including seven (7) WSUs who participated the 2011 database but do not participate the 2012 one): population of the responsible area , population served, design capacity, volumes of abstracted water, Volumes of water input to the distribution system and number of water connections;
   
3. 
   National design capacity in the table excludes the capacities of bulk treated suppliers, including three (3) following Companies: VIWACO, Thu Duc and Binh An
   

See notes of Table 5A

2. 
   National Report
   

1. 
   The 2011 national figures are those are currently posted on the Web http://www.vnwd.vn and then corrected in this report
   
2. 
   Correction of abstracted water volumes in 2011, including respective values of seven (7) data of six (6) WWSUs which were in m3/ day instead of in 1000 m3 / day as required (so they are increased 1000 times)
   
3. 
   Correction of arithmetic errors in the sum of the capacities of two types of serviced cities
   
4. 
   This value of National service Coverage for V GCs is calculated without the respective values of two Provinces, Kien Giang and Tuyen Quang because these two values are wrongly based on the total rural population of the Provinces instead of population of served V GCs as required. In the case of inclusion of these two values, the National service Coverage for V GCs would be 35% and the National service Coverage would be V 75% respectively.
   
5. 
   The percentage increase of connection in the table is calculated from the total number of connections (at the end of the year 2012) and the number of new connections in 2012. However, the difference between two values (which is the number of connections at the end of the year 2011) is much lower than the total number of connections in 2011 published report. So the data between two years are inconsistent. In addition, the number of connections in the year 2012 is the total of 77 WSUs, while the respective value in 2011 is the total of 79 WSUs.
   

Firstly it should be noted that various analysis and comments in this report are approximate only because they are based on input data of which reliability is inadequate.

Reliability of the input data is always a major problem of the database in question. In the Database Report 2011 it was noted that the reliability of the data is not high. However the situation was not improved for 2012 database.

It is strongly recommended that the reliability of the water supply database must be improved. Below are some proposed solutions:

1. 
   Organize a workshop to summary and draw experiences in providing, verification, publishing and using the database with the participation of all stakeholders including the WSUs, the governmental agencies, the WB and others.
   
2. 
   Improve the questionnaire:
   

• 
  to simplify the questionnaire:
  

• 
  Especially, the division of an indicator into two city types, IV GCs and V GCs, should be re-considered due to following reasons:
  

• 
  For most indicators, there are no significant differences between the respective values of two city types.
  
• 
  Moreover, the total design capacity of WSUs for V GCs is about only 10% of the total capacities. So the indicators of the V GCs play minor roles in the national figures.
  
• 
  In fact there are too many errors in the input data for the V GCs
  

• 
  to re-structure the questionnaire:
  

3. 
   Improve the process for supplying, verifying data:
   

4. 
   Arrange adequate resources and time for submission, review and adjustment of input data.
   

2. 
   Design capacity
   

The design capacities of WSUs are provided under questions A 65, A66 and A67 of questionnaire and are summarized in the table in Appendix 3. For comparison purpose, in the table it is included also the design capacity figures extracted from VWSA’s reports.

1. 
   Design capacities of WSUs
   

Specifically:

• 
  Compared to 2011 database:
  

• 
  In 2012, capacities of twenty seven (27) WSUs have increased, of which 9 WSUs have big increased, by 10,000 m3 / day or more,
  
• 
  In reverse, capacities of other 8 WSUs have reduced,
  
• 
  Total capacity in 2012 of 79 WSUs who participated the 2011 database has increased by about 180,000 m3/ day compared with the respective value in 2011.
  

• 
  In comparison with the data of the Water Supply Association: Design capacity values (in 2012) of various WSUs stated in VWSA’s Report are different to those stated 2012 database; especially 8 WSUs have big differences.
  

2. 
   National design capacity
   

• 
  inclusion of capacities of seven (7) WSUs who participated 2011 database but not for 2012. Their values added in 2012 national/ regional figures are the same that in 2011.
  
• 
  exclusion of design capacities of the treated bulk suppliers, including:
  

• 
  Thu Duc Water BOO JSC. (315,000 m3 / day) and Binh An Water Supply Co. (100,000 m3 / day) who supply to SAWACO and
  
• 
  VIWACO (8,000 m3/ day) who supply to Hanoi clean water Co.
  

In database 2011, the national design capacity is the total of 79 WSUs including three (3) bulk suppliers then it is 6.50 million m3 /day. By this method, the 2012 national capacity would be sum of 84 WSUs and reach 7.05 million m3 / day.

3. 
   Capacity ratios
   

• 
  The comparison between list and capacities of WSUs in 2012 database and those stated in VWSA’s Report has indicated that the total capacity of these 84 WSUs is nearly the real national capacity. All WSUs who did not participate the 2012 database are small ones including small private urban or rural water supply ones.
  
• 
  The first quartile Group
  

• 
  Three (3) remaining quartile groups include 63 WSUs but their total capacity is only 25% of national capacity, averaging 4% for each WSU. Therefore, the three lower quartile groups as well as the V GCs play a minor role in national figures.
  

1. 
   Many national indicators (which are related to WSU’s design capacity) can be rapid assessed through the assessment of first quartile groups including 21 WSUs only;
   
2. 
   In contrary to ensure the reliability of the national indicator values, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of the input data of at least 21 WSUs of first quartile, especially 2 WSUs of Hanoi and HCM City. In the case that resources and time are limited it should be given priority to the verification of input data of these big twenty one (21) WSUs.
   

(1) The list includes the distributors only. It excludes the bulk suppliers, including two (2) big WSUs: Thu Duc BOO Co. (315,000 m3/ day) and Binh An Co. (100,000 m3 / day).

(2) The data in this column are extracted from the VWSA’s Reports (2012)

2. 
   Service coverage
   

Below are some comments about the service coverage in 2012

1. 
   The National coverage in IV GCs in 2012 is 82%, up 2% compared to 2011
   
2. 
   The National coverage in V GCs in 2012:
   

Therefore, the values of Tuyen Quang and Kien Giang were ignored in calculation of the national service coverage for V GCs. Under the above adjustment, the 2012 National service coverage for V GCs is 45%, down significantly from 2011 (which is 57%)

3. 
   The combined national service coverage is 79.5%, up slightly from 2011
   
4. 
   The comparison of national coverage between 2011 and 2012 as above mentioned is approximate only, because:
   

1. 
   in a number of WSUs there is inconsistency between the definitions of the same input data between two years.
   
2. 
   among three parameters of coverage, only the number of connections is reliable, while for two others there are unreasonable differences between two years (especially the average persons per connection). Details of the responsible area population are presented in Section 8.4 below. The data of the average persons per connection is selected for both city types and they are estimated according to the results of the national census on the family structure. For some WSUs, these parameters are changed significantly between 2001 and 2012 (see summary table in Appendix 5) and then they cause the great changes of service coverages.
   

In order to improve the reliability of service coverage value, it is recommended that:

1. 
   The geographic scope of responsible area should be correctly identified, specifically:
   

• 
  For IV GCs: the responsible area should include also suburbs districts or communes covered by the water supply system (according to the scope of the connection). As the population of these suburbs areas is not included into the responsible area population, the coverages of a number of WSUs are greater than 100%;
  
• 
  For V GCs: the responsible area should be area serviced by the water supply system not all rural areas of the province (although the WSU if any was assigned the rural water supply task).
  

2. 
   To facilitate the review of service coverage, a brief introduction on water supply systems with design capacities and responsible area of each system should be provided by each WSU along with questionnaire
   

2. 
   The responsible area population
   

1. 
   The total population in responsible area of 84 WSUs in 2012 is 37.9 million, including:
   

• 
  Population of IV CGs: 29.3 million, which is 78% of the total population in the service areas
  
• 
  Population of V CGs: 8.2 million, which is 22% of the total population in the responsible areas (in fact this value is greater than real one because it includes also rural populations of two provinces Kien Giang and Tuyen Quang)
  

2. 
   Compared to 2011 the population of the responsible area in 2012 has greatly increased by following reasons:
   

• 
  For IV GCs: the population increased by more than 3 million people, because:
  

• 
  For SAWACO in Ho chi Minh City: City's population increased by 1.4 million people. The reason is that while population in 2011 database is population of urban area of the city, but in 2012 it includes population of both urban and rural areas,
  
• 
  For Hanoi Clean Water Co.: the population increased by 0.35 million,
  
• 
  For An Viet Co.: the population increased by 0.12 million
  

• 
  For V GCs: the population increased by nearly 2 million people. The reason is that in a number of WSUs the responsible area in 2011 are in urban area only but in 2012 it includes not only the urban area but also all rural areas of the Province, (i.e. the population is the difference between population of the whole province and that of IV GCs), specifically:
  

• 
  Tuyen Quang: increased by 0.5 million
  
• 
  Kien Giang: increased by 1.3 million.
  

3. 
   As presented, in comparison with 2011 the serve area populations of some V GCs in 2012 have suddenly and greatly increased. The reason is that two different definitions were applied for the same WSU in two years. In the first one, the serve areas include only urban area (because it is the database of urban water supply) while in the second one the serve areas include also rural areas in which the rural water supply has been assigned to the WSUs (in some provinces urban water supply and rural water supply are two different fields and assigned to different WSUs while in some other Provinces they are assigned to one WSU only).
   

2. 
   Level of Non-Revenue Water
   

Comments on 2012 NRW are as follows:

1. 
   There are eleven (11) WSUs of which NRWs are negative values. It is unrealistic and then the national figure is not reliable.
   
2. 
   After adjustment (by default the negative values to zero, the ideal value), the combined national NRW in 2012 is 27% with 27.2% for IV GCs and 13.8% for V GCs. In fact, the real NRWs are higher than the mentioned values because the zero NRWs of a number WSUs are not reliable.
   
3. 
   Compared to 2011, the NRW decreased slightly in the combined indicator and IV GC indicator but greatly reduced in V GC. In general, the NRW is still high.
   
4. 
   NRW of V CGs is lower than that of IV CGs. It can be explained that in V GCs the NRW management is better due to small serve area and the water losses are smaller due to distribution network is “younger”.
   

2. 
   Domestic Water Consumption Rate
   

Comments on 2012 values of these indicators are as follows:

1. 
   In 2012, The National WCR is 101 liter/ person.day for combined indicator, 106 l / person.day for IV CGs and 75 l / person.day for V CGs. Compared with 2001, the 2012 values are almost unchanged.
   
2. 
   The WCR of V CGs is smaller than that of IV GCs. In fact, in some V GCs to save money people use not only urban water but also their self-provided water sources such as digging wells, bore wells or storm water.
   
3. 
   In IV CGs the WCR is about 100 liter/ person.day and the domestic water consumption is about 70% of the total water consumption of the city (including water for industrial, public and commercial buildings).
   

On the Database Web site, it is published annual National Report in the form of a data table. However the form should be improved.

The form of National Report on the Web- site should be improved as follows:

1. 
   To supplement some national data needed for management of urban water supply sector such as population of serve area, population serviced (the existing form is used mainly for evaluating the performance of WSUs).
   
2. 
   To re-structure the report to facilitate its reading (the existing structure follows the calculation progress of indictor values). Specifically:
   

• 
  Separate the part of data and the part of indicators;
  
• 
  The data on volumes of water subtracted and water supplied should be presented in adjacent rows and in the same unit (m3 / year or m3 / day).
  

3. 
   Especially, the units of indicators should be suitable with the accuracy of the calculated values (at present, the values are totally copied from the calculation results). Specifically:
   

• 
  The population should be in thousands of people (as presented in census results) instead of people,
  
• 
  WCR should be in liter/ person.day only not in centi liter as present
  
• 
  The annual volumes of water abstracted and water supplied should be in million m3/ year not in 000 m3/ year;
  
• 
  Design capacity should be in 000 m3 / day instead of m3/ day;
  
• 
  The ratios should be in % not in 0,01 %;
  
• 
  Water tariffs and revenues should be in dong (VND) only not in 0,01 VND