Heteroscedasticity estimation results
. xttest0
Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for random effects
ln_pro[ma_thue,t] = Xb + u[ma_thue] + e[ma_thue,t]
Estimated results:
| Var sd = sqrt(Var)
---------+-----------------------------
ln_pro | 13.99431 3.740898
e | 14.49617 3.807383
u | 0 0
Test: Var(u) = 0
chibar2(01) = 0.00
Prob > chibar2 = 1.0000
Autocorrelation estimation results
. xttest1
Tests for the error component model:
ln_pro[ma_thue,t] = Xb + u[ma_thue] + v[ma_thue,t]
v[ma_thue,t] = lambda v[ma_thue,(t-1)] + e[ma_thue,t]
Estimated results:
| Var sd = sqrt(Var)
---------+-----------------------------
ln_pro | 13.99431 3.740898
e | 14.49617 3.8073832
u | 0 0
Tests:
Random Effects, Two Sided:
ALM(Var(u)=0) = 4217.69 Pr>chi2(1) = 0.0000
Random Effects, One Sided:
ALM(Var(u)=0) = -64.94 Pr>N(0,1) = 1.0000
Serial Correlation:
ALM(lambda=0) = 6606.86 Pr>chi2(1) = 0.0000
Joint Test:
LM(Var(u)=0,lambda=0) = 6910.34 Pr>chi2(2) = 0.0000
D-GMM2 model estimation results
. xtabond2 ln_pro inno rd cx ln_tech , gmm( ln_tech ln_lb ln_k ln_pci fdi ) twostep
Favoring space over speed. To switch, type or click on mata: mata set matafavor speed, perm.
Warning: Two-step estimated covariance matrix of moments is singular.
Using a generalized inverse to calculate optimal weighting matrix for two-step estimation.
Difference-in-Sargan statistics may be negative.
Dynamic panel-data estimation, two-step system GMM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group variable: ma_thue Number of obs = 11729
Time variable : year Number of groups = 2352
Number of instruments = 62 Obs per group: min = 4
Wald chi2(4) = 310.16 avg = 4.99
Prob > chi2 = 0.000 max = 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ln_pro | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
inno | 1.229746 .1321499 9.31 0.000 .9707365 1.488755
rd | 63.07767 5.073023 12.43 0.000 53.13473 73.02061
cx | 4.558535 .4540084 10.04 0.000 3.668695 5.448375
ln_tech | -.8715893 .0848848 -10.27 0.000 -1.03796 -.7052181
_cons | 1.696535 .4790474 3.54 0.000 .7576188 2.63545
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warning: Uncorrected two-step standard errors are unreliable.
Instruments for first differences equation
GMM-type (missing=0, separate instruments for each period unless collapsed)
L(1/.).(ln_tech ln_lb ln_k ln_pci fdi)
Instruments for levels equation
Standard
_cons
GMM-type (missing=0, separate instruments for each period unless collapsed)
D.(ln_tech ln_lb ln_k ln_pci fdi)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arellano-Bond test for AR(1) in first differences: z = -9.04 Pr > z = 0.000
Arellano-Bond test for AR(2) in first differences: z = 1.44 Pr > z = 0.151
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sargan test of overid. restrictions: chi2(57) =2703.33 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
(Not robust, but not weakened by many instruments.)
Hansen test of overid. restrictions: chi2(57) =1112.60 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
(Robust, but can be weakened by many instruments.)
Difference-in-Hansen tests of exogeneity of instrument subsets:
GMM instruments for levels
Hansen test excluding group: chi2(40) =1046.19 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
Difference (null H = exogenous): chi2(17) = 66.40 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
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