Acknowledgement
tải về 1.37 Mb.
|
- Điều hướng trang này:
- Diversity of life forms of medicinal plants
- Diversity of plant parts used
- Picture 2: Together with Dao people preparing medicinal plant product
- Who is collecting medicinal plants
- Conservation status
- Commercialization of medicinal plants
- Difference between Dao and Muong Ethnic groups
RESULTSDiversity of medicinal plantsA total of 257 medicinal plant species were used by Dao and Muong local people in Ba Vi National Park belonging to 204 genera and 81 families. These species were involved in 313 different treatments. Of them, Dao ethnic group used 144 species, Muong ethnic group used 30 species and 83 species were used by both ethnic minority groups. For most species only one recipe was mentioned; some have multiple medicinal applications. A complete list of species and their local medicinal uses is given in Appendix. Most of the medicinal plant species in Ba Vi National Park are angiosperms, only 1 species belong to the gymnosperms and 2 species are ferns. Diversity of taxa is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Diversity of taxa
Among the 81 families, the top 10 families with the highest number of medicinal species in the area are listed in Table 2. The total of the top 10 families with 98 species and 38.1 % of total plant species were used by Dao and Muong in the research area. Euphorbiaceae is the highest family with 17 plant species was used by Muong and Dao. While 12 families with 3 species, 19 families with 2 species and 27 families has only 1 species were used as medicinal plant. Table 2. The 10 families with the highest numbers of medicinal species
Among the 257 species of medicinal plants were used by Dao and Muong ethnic groups in Ba Vi National Park 74% of the species were collected from the wild. Eleven percent of the species were both taken from the forest, and also grown in the home gardens and agricultural field. Fifteen percent of the species were cultivated in home gardens. This practice helps to develop the medicinal plant resources, and also makes them more widely available, especially when derived from rare and endangered species. Percentage of wild and cultivated medicinal plants species were used by Dao and Muong people in Ba Vi National Park is shown in Fig. 1. 
Fig. 1. Percentage of wild and cultivated medicinal plants species were used by Dao and Muong people in Ba Vi National Park. Diversity of life forms of medicinal plantsThe most important life form of medicinal plants used by Dao and Muong in Ba Vi National Park is herbs with 29 percents. They usually grow on the poor forest, along forest edges, foot paths and roads, in agriculture fields and planted in home garden. They are mainly Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Araceae, and Zingiberaceae. Next in order of importance are timber trees with 27 percents, mainly belonging to Moraceae, Caelsapiniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae and Sapindaceae. Shrubs groups is 24 percents and mainly belong to Malvaceae and Rubiaceae. The smallest groups are formed by lianas with 20 percents and mainly belong to Cucurbitaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Menispermaceae. Shrubs growing in the forest or along streams mainly are Myrtaceae and Solanaceae. The diversity of of the life forms of medicinal plants used by Dao and Muong in Ba Vi National Park is shown in Fig. 2 
Fig. 2. Percentage of life forms of medicinal plants species used by Dao and Muong in Ba Vi National Park. Diversity of plant parts usedDifferent plant parts are used to treat different diseases: Some medicinal plant species have only one component that can be used, while for other species several components or the whole plant can be used for diseases treatment. In Ba Vi Nationa Park, Dao and Muong used 15 species with the whole plant for diseases treatment, while the other species only one, two, three or four components can be used to treat diseases. Leaves are most commonly used with 56,4 percents of total species. Roots and rhizomes are the second important part with 37,4 percents. Stems are also common used by Dao and Muong. The smallest part is bulb with only 3 medicinal plant species were used for diseases treatment. The diversity of parts used is indicated in Table 3 Table 3. Diverse parts of medicinal plants used by Dao and Muong in Ba Vi National Park
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Medicinal application |
Number of family |
Number of genus |
Number of species |
|
Tonic |
21 |
31 |
32 |
|
Stomach ache |
18 |
22 |
24 |
|
Dysentery |
17 |
20 |
21 |
|
Diarrhea |
9 |
11 |
17 |
|
Flu |
13 |
14 |
15 |
|
Indigestion |
13 |
13 |
14 |
|
Snakebite |
12 |
14 |
14 |
|
Tooth ache |
10 |
14 |
14 |
|
Rheumatism |
11 |
13 |
13 |
|
Wounds |
11 |
13 |
13 |
|
Cold |
9 |
9 |
12 |
|
Itches |
9 |
11 |
12 |
|
Malaria |
9 |
10 |
12 |
|
Bone fractures |
8 |
9 |
9 |
|
Head ache |
7 |
9 |
9 |
|
Arthritis |
6 |
8 |
8 |
|
Detoxification |
8 |
8 |
8 |
|
Haemostatic |
5 |
5 |
7 |
|
High blood pressure |
6 |
7 |
7 |
|
Oedema |
7 |
7 |
7 |
|
Fever |
6 |
6 |
6 |
|
Infection |
6 |
6 |
6 |
|
Irregular menses |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
Coughs |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
Hemorrhage |
1 |
1 |
4 |
|
Kidney failure |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
Sores |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
Back pain |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Burns |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Hookworm |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
Liver |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Sore throat |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Allergies |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Anodyne |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Aphrodisiacs |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Colitis |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Menorrhagia |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Risk of miscarriage |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Sunburn |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Aphasia |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Cancer |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Constipation |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Diabetes |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Dyspnoea |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Enteritis |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Eye sores |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Food poisoning |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Helminthiasis |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Herpes |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Hiccups |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Icterus |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Leprosy |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Lost voice |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Measles |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Metritis |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Mumps |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Nervous debility |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Pneumonia |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Skin diseases |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Splenitis |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Styptic |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Tuberculosis |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Urinating problems |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Who is collecting medicinal plants?
From interviewing households and key informants, it emerged that women collect medicinal plants more than men at almost every age level, especially in the age classes of over 26 years old. This indicates that women are mainly responsible for health care. Young people are rarely engaged in collecting medicinal plants (Table 5).
Table 5: Percentage of gender and age level of Muong and Dao in Ba Vi National Park harvesting medicinal plants
|
Age |
Gender |
Percentage of individuals collecting medicinal plants (%) |
|
> 50 |
Male |
15 |
|
Female |
34 | |
|
26 - 50 |
Male |
13 |
|
Female |
27 | |
|
16 - 25 |
Male |
4 |
|
Female |
4 | |
|
< 16 |
Male |
1 |
|
Female |
2 | |
|
Average % of Males |
33 | |
|
Average % of Females |
67 | |
Conservation status
Five medicinal plant species used by Muong and Dao ethnic minority groups from Ba Vi are listed in in the Red Data Book of Vietnam Vol. 2 (Ban 2007) (Table 6).
Table 6. Medicinal plants in Ba Vi National Park listed in the red data book of Vietnam. E - Endangered; V - Vulnerable; T - Threatened
|
Species |
Family |
Threat category in Red data book Vietnam |
|
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. |
Orchidaceae |
E |
|
Ardisia silvestris Pit. |
Myrsinaceae |
V |
|
Drynaria fortunei (Mett.) J. Sm |
Polypodiaceae |
T |
|
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. |
Polygonaceae |
V |
|
Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. |
Apocynaceae |
V |
Commercialization of medicinal plants
A total of 51 medicinal plant species in Ba Vi National Park are commercialized. Most of the species are sold to traders or in the market of the Son Tay City. Many people from Ha Noi and neighboring provinces also come to Ba Vi to buy medicinal plant for disease treatment.
Medicinal plants is not only important for health care system in the research area, but also significant contribute for generate income of household in the research area. The average income of household from medicinal plants is 270 USD (about 29% of total income of household).
Picture 3: Dao people is selling medicinal plants in local market
Picture 4: Traditional doctor with their medicinal plant product at home
Difference between Dao and Muong Ethnic groups
Number of medicinal plant species
A total of 257 medicinal plant species used by Muong and Dao in Ba Vi National Park. Of them 144 species used by Dao, 30 species used by Muong and 83 species used by both ethnic groups (different number of taxa used by Muong and Dao (see in table 7). Dao ethnic group has better knowledge on using medicinal plant than Muong, they also has much experience on collecting and trading medicinal plants. Most tradition doctor in Ba Vi National Park is Dao ethnic group.
Table 7: Number of taxa used by Muong and Dao
|
Taxa |
Number of taxa used by Ethnic group | ||
|
Dao |
Dao, Muong |
Muong | |
|
Species |
144 |
83 |
30 |
|
Genus |
127 |
76 |
30 |
|
Family |
67 |
50 |
25 |
Different knowledge on medicinal uses
Muong and Dao ethnic groups not only different of number of medicinal plant species, but also different on using medicinal plant for disease treatment. A total of 83plant species (32%) were used by both Muong and Dao to treat the same diseases. Remain species are totally different on diseases treatment or only partly the same.
There are 11 species have at least one medical uses the same of Muong and Dao, but one of them (Muong or Dao) still has at least one more medical uses. For example Kyllinga monocephala both Dao and Muong used to treat flu and fever, but only Dao use to treat skin diseases. Plantago asiatica (Plantaginaceae) both Muong and Dao use to treat flu, but only Dao use to treat kidney failure; Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae) both Muong and Dao use to treat tuberculosis, but only Dao use to treat snakebite. Clerodendrum fragrans (Verbenaceae) both Muong and Dao used to treat irregular menses, haemostatic, but only Muong use to treat rheumatism
A total of 23 medicinal plant species were used by both Muong and Dao, but there are no similarities in the medicinal uses. For example Gnetum montanum (Gnetaceae) Dao used fruits to treat Detoxification, but Muong used leaves to snakebite. Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae). Dao used roots and stems to treat high blood pressure, but Muong used leaves to treat irregular menses; Antidesma ghaesembilla (Euphorbiaceae) Dao used leaves and bark to treat cough and rheumatism, Muong also used bark but to treat head ache.
files -> Sạt-đe rằng: Nầy là lời phán của Đấng có bảy vì thần Đức Chúa Trời và bảy ngôi sao
files -> HƯỚng dẫn càI ĐẶt và SỬ DỤng phần mềm tạo bài giảng e-learning
files -> VIỆn chăn nuôi trịnh hồng sơn khả NĂng sản xuất và giá trị giống của dòng lợN ĐỰc vcn03 luậN Án tiến sĩ NÔng nghiệp hà NỘI 2014
files -> ĐẠi học quốc gia hà NỘi trưỜng đẠi học khoa học tự nhiên nguyễn Thị Hương XÂy dựng quy trình quản lý CÁc công trìNH
files -> PHỤ LỤC 2 TỔng hợp danh mục tài liệu tham khảO
files -> BÁo cáo quy hoạch vùng sản xuất vải an toàn tỉnh bắc giang đẾn năM 2020 (Thuộc dự án nâng cao chất lượng, an toàn sản phẩm nông nghiệp và phát triển chương trình khí sinh học ) Cơ quan chủ trì
files -> BỘ TÀi nguyên và MÔi trưỜng
files -> 1. Mục tiêu đào tạo: Mục tiêu chung
Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn: