1-1 Statistics in Engineering


Figure 1-3 Dot diagram of pull-off force for two wall thicknesses. 1-1 Statistics in Engineering



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Figure 1-3 Dot diagram of pull-off force for two wall thicknesses.
1-1 Statistics in Engineering
Engineering Example

  • Since pull-off force varies or exhibits variability, it is a random variable.
  • A random variable, X, can be model by

  • X = μ + ε
    where μ is a constant and ε a random disturbance.

1-1 Statistics in Engineering
1-1 Statistics in Engineering

Three basic methods for collecting data:

Three basic methods for collecting data:


1-2 Collecting Engineering Data

A retrospective study using historical data

    • A retrospective study using historical data
    • would use either all or a sample of the historical process data archived over some period of time.


1-2 Collecting Engineering Data

An observational study: the engineer observes the process or population, disturbing it

    • An observational study: the engineer observes the process or population, disturbing it

1-2 Collecting Engineering Data

A designed experiment: the engineer makes deliberate in the controlable variables of the system, observes the resulting system output data

    • A designed experiment: the engineer makes deliberate in the controlable variables of the system, observes the resulting system output data

1-2 Collecting Engineering Data
1-2.5 Observing Processes Over Time
Figure 1-9 A time series plot of concentration provides more information than a dot diagram.
Whenever data are collected over time it is important to plot the data over time. Phenomena that might affect the system or process often become more visible in a time-oriented plot
and the concept of stability can be better judged.

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