02 Contents Frame
vii. Economic and social analysis
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40 2019 ND-CP 413905
- Điều hướng trang này:
- Social analysis
| vii. Economic and social analysis
Economic land evaluation Although the fourth principle of the 1976 Framework did emphasize the importance of economic land evaluation, there are hardly any published economic land evaluations. Rossiter (1995) identifies three causes: historical, institutional and practical. First, land evaluation is mostly carried out by natural resource specialists with little or no economics training. Second, institutional barriers may also be significant: natural resource scientists and economists may be located in different organizations or in different sections of the same organization, with little motivation or support for interdisciplinary projects. Third, many land evaluations were used to attract financial support for development projects, but not to help guide their implementation. Therefore the fact that a recommended land use option might not have been economically feasible is not exposed. The chief obstacle to economic land evaluation is the difficulty of obtaining reliable data on the economics of production and how these are affected by land qualities. The difficulty can be handled in several ways (Rossiter 1995). First, since land evaluation is a strategic rather than tactical planning tool, its predictions do not need to be excessively precise. Second, sensitivity analysis can be used to see how wrong estimates of economic or land data must be before there is a change in predicted land allocation or economic suitability. Third, a variety of techniques can be used to estimate ‘S1’ yields and input levels and how these change with increasing limitations: rural surveys, expert judgement, statistical modelling and simulation modelling. When several different techniques give similar results, it is likely that the economic predictions are close enough for land evaluation purposes. Economic land evaluation is not excessively difficult. When due attention is paid to details, it can provide a more useful prediction of land performance than a purely physical evaluation, because it can better reflect the decision-making criteria of land users. Social analysis In the initial and diagnosis stages, the land users are directly involved. In these stages, particular care should be taken to include groups who are not land users in the survey area but who may be affected by proposed land-use changes. For example, communities living further downstream may be affected by developments involving increased water use or changes in land cover. If they have not been involved previously, such groups should be involved in the discussions as soon as it becomes clear that their interests may be affected by such developments. More formal screening of social impacts may be required, particularly in national and sub-national land-use plans where grassroots stakeholder involvement in planning Chapter 4 – Revised principles and procedures 37 may have been less active. The impact of any changes in land use should be assessed in relation to the following social factors (FAO 1999a): ¾access to land resources (including wild plant and animal products) ¾nutritional status (particularly of vulnerable groups) ¾health status (presence and virulence of endemic diseases) ¾education (opportunities to learn new skills). It may be necessary to conduct a focused rapid rural appraisal at community level with stakeholder groups or key informants to elucidate what exactly might happen when land-use changes take place (FAO 1999a). tải về 0.57 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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