Fig. 4.24-Detailed model of HPW Sub-System

 
Standalone hybrid generation system for the remote area of Thar, Pakistan
 
 
 
Fig. 4.25 
System frequency
 of the oscillations of 
alternating current
 (AC) 
Figure below show the system total power output combining PV array and Wind turbine. System 
output is not steady as it is fluctuating and the fluctuating of the output power from the start can be 
removed by using a power full filters that remove any spikes produces in the sine wave that cause 
unsteadiness in the output power. 
 
Fig. 4.26 Hybrid generation system total Power output P (KW). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Standalone hybrid generation system for the remote area of Thar, Pakistan
 
 
 
5. Conclusion 
A hybrid power system which consists of PV-arrays, and wind turbines with energy storing devices 
(battery bank) and power electronic devices has been discussed in this paper to achieve an efficient 
and cost competitive system configuration so electrification of the rural area like THAR, Pakistan can 
be done where electricity from the main grid has not reached yet due to capital cost and other 
limitations.
For the different energy sources, where some are AC sources and others DC sources, different 
connecting topologies are proposed in this paper. The proposed connecting configurations are 
compared to select the one with the best efficiency of power consumption to the consumers by 
considering each power sources independently. It is found that with the Mixed-coupling HPSs, best 
efficiency of power consumption can be achieved when compared with the other topologies and the 
selected topology is used for further investigation. 
Various significant aspects of system, such as unit sizing and optimization, modeling of system 
components and optimal energy flow management strategies, are specifically reviewed. Different 
sizing techniques have been reviewed under classification based on availability of weather data. The 
equivalent models including several physical mechanisms of these system components have been 
extensively discussed with a broad classification in modeling section.
The different systems components and overall system is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink blocks. 
The appropriate sizes of system elements are applied to each PMS and the models are simulated. The 
simulation results verify that the results are in accordance to the mathematical modeling, which 
depends on the governing energy and power equations. The demand can be met easily at all the time 
and the charging/discharging of the battery is controlled between the upper and lower limits. The 
proper sizing of system elements results in the efficient utilization of the power from the renewable 
sources and the battery bank.
Future trends include cutting edge technology development to increase the efficiency of such hybrid 
systems and encouragement in terms of its implementation. HRES has an immense potential to meet 
the load demand of remote, isolated sites and can contribute significantly to both rural as well as 
urban development. This in turn reduces the central generation capacity and increases overall system 
reliability. These units can supply uninterrupted power at zero emission level, which is the major 
advantage of such systems. The widespread use of hybrid renewable energy systems will not only 
solve the energy issues but also ensure a green and sustainable planet. 

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