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tration mechanism, which is dependent on the membrane characteristics
and characteristics of filtered solids, while membrane-solution interfacial re-
gion resistance is associated with concentration polarization. Concentration
polarization is a phenomenon of solute tendency to accumulate within the
boundary liquid layer of near-stagnant fluid adjacent to membrane surface.
Since liquid velocity within this layer is close to zero, the only mode of mass
transport is diffusion, which is significantly slower then convective transport
in the bulk solution. As a consequence, resistance to filtration occurs. The
thickness of the boundary layer is dependent on system’s hydrodynamics and
can be decreased by promoting the turbulence of liquid flow.
Fig. 9
Fouling mechanisms
According to recognized mechanisms (Fig. 9), the fouling on the mem-
brane occurs as:
1. Complete blocking caused by occlusion of pores by the particles with no
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