Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology
91
Table 2
Comparison of the main MBR systems (adapted from Yang et al. [270])
Kubota (Japan)
Mitsubishi-Rayon
Zenon (Canada)
(Japan)
Number of
1538 (1138 + 400)
374 (170 + 204)
331 (204 + 127)
installations
a
Membrane
FS
HF
HF
Configuration
Vertical immersion
Horizontal immersion Vertical immersion
Pore size (µm)
0.4
0.1/0.4
0.04
Material
Chlorinated PE
PE
PVDF
Module size (m
2
)
0.8
105
31.6
Cleaning method
Relax
Relax
Backpulse and relax
Cleaning frequency 1/60
2/12
0.5/15
(min/min)
Recovery method
Chlorine backwash
Chlorine backwash
Chemical soak
a
Municipal WWTPs + Industrial WWTPs
membranes. Leading manufacturers have exponential growth in the number
of installed MBRs and their cumulative capacity in the last decade. Although
the market is still dominated by Zenon and Kubota, there is a wide range
of MBR systems available, however most are still at the development stage.
The photographs of typical Zenon and Kubota membranes are presented in
Figs. 20 and 21, respectively.
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