Open Access proceedings Journal of Physics: Conference series
The Best Extraction Technique for Kaempferol and Quercetin
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BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO KIỂM TRA CUỐI HỌC KÌ 1 SINH 8
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| The Best Extraction Technique for Kaempferol and Quercetin
Isolation from Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava) I Batubara 1* , I H Suparto 1,2 and N S Wulandari 1 1, Department of Chemistry, Bogor Agriculture University, INDONESIA. 2 Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, INDONESIA Email : ime@apps.ipb.ac.id Abstract. Guava leaves contain various compounds that have biological activity such as kaempferol and quercetin as anticancer. Twelve extraction techniques were performed to obtain the best extraction technique to isolate kaempferol and quercetin from the guava leaves. Toxicity of extracts was tested against Artemia salina larvae. All extracts were toxic (LC 50 value less than 1000 ppm) except extract of direct soxhletation on guava leaves, and extract of sonication and soxhletation using n-hexane. The extract with high content of total phenols and total flavonoids, low content of tannins, intense color of spot on thin layer chromatogram was selected for high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Direct sonication of guava leaves was chosen as the best extraction technique with kampferol and quercetin content of 0.02% and 2.15%, respectively. In addition to high content of kaempferol and quercetin, direct sonication was chosen due to the shortest extraction time, lesser impurities and high toxicity. Keywords: guava leaves, high performance liquid chromatography, kaempferol, quercetin 1. Introduction Guava (Psidium guajava) is a tropical fruit and guava leaves are often used as a traditional medicine to treat wounds, diarrhea, cough, mouth sores, and dengue fever. The guava leaf extract is reported to have antioxidant [1], anti-reaction nonenzimatik reducing sugar in patients with hyperglycemia [2], anti-inflammatory [3], and anticoagulants [4] activities. Some studies show that guava leaves extract contains phenolic compounds such as Ferulic acid, Gallic acid and flavonoids such as catechins, quercetin, and kaempferol [2]. Research on kaempferol and quercetin in guava has not been done, whereas kaempferol known to have many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial [5], antidiabetic [6], anti- inflammatory and analgesic [7], whereas quercetin is known to have antioxidant activity[8], antibacterial[9], and antiviral [10]. Activities kaempferol and quercetin can be tested by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). This test is used as a preliminary test to determine the potential pharmacological activity of natural ingredients. It has also been perceived as an inexpensive alternative method for cytotoxicity assay. The combination of kaempferol and quercetin content of extracts reported a synergistic effect of antiproliferative in culture Human cancer cell lines [11]. A wide variety of extraction techniques to isolate kaempferol and quercetin has been developed. According to Tang et al.[12], kaempferol and quercetin have been isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba with a yield respectively 0.0204 mg/g sample and 0.0371 mg/g sample, respectively [12]. 1 ISS IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 58 (2017) 012060 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/58/1/012060 International Conference on Recent Trends in Physics 2016 (ICRTP2016) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 755 (2016) 011001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001 Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Extraction technique used is macerated with the aid of sonication using methanol-water (85:15). Extraction of kaempferol (0.0007 mg/g sample) of Sideroxylon foetidissimum leaves according Erosa- Rejon et al. (2010) was performed by extracting the leaves with ethanol with maceration method for 1 week [13]. Extraction of kaempferol (613 mg/g sample) of soybean leaves by Zang et al. (2011) conducted by refluxing methanol leaves with 70% for 3 hours [6]. Loizzo et al. (2007) has succeeded in extracting kaempferol (12:12 mg / g sample) and quercetin (0.085 mg / g sample) from the leaves of Ailanthus excelsa with Soxhletation using 70% methanol [14]. The variety of extraction techniques result in yield kaempferol and quercetin produced also varies. Therefore, it is necessary to do research using a variety of extraction techniques to determine the best extraction technique of the most simple, cheap, and fast and produce maximum yield. This study aims to determine the best extraction techniques for the isolation of kaempferol and quercetin in guava leaf and determine its activity with the method BSLT. tải về 0.65 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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