C¸ch sö dông Would Like
Thµnh ng÷ nµy dïng ®Ó mêi mäc ngêi kh¸c mét c¸ch lÞch sù hoÆc diÔn ®¹t mong muèn cña m×nh mét c¸ch nh· nhÆn sau ®ã ph¶i lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ cã to (infinitive).
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Subject + would like + [to + verb] ...
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VÝ dô:
Would you like to dance with me?
I would like to visit Hongkong.
We would like to order now, please.
The president would like to be re-elected.
They would like to study at the university.
Would you like to see a movie tonight?
Lu ý :
- NÕu hµnh ®éng ®îc x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ mÆt thêi gian hoÆc thêi gian lµ hiÖn t¹i th× dïng ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ sau like.
- Nhng nÕu thêi gian lµ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh th× ph¶i dïng Verb+ing.
VÝ dô:
Would you like a lemonade now? (thêi gian lµ hiÖn t¹i now)
She likes watching TV every night. (thêi gian lµ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh - chØ së thÝch hobby)
HoÆc I would like eating a steak and salad.
C¸ch sö dông c¸c ®éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt ®Ó diÔn ®¹t c¸c tr¹ng th¸i ë hiÖn t¹i. Could/may/might.
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Could/may/might + [Verb in simple form]
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Cã thÓ /cã lÏ.
ChØ mét kh¶ n¨ng cã thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i song ngêi nãi kh«ng ch¾c. C¶ 3 ®éng tõ cã gi¸ trÞ nh nhau.
VÝ dô:
It might rain tomorrow It will possibly rain tomorrow
It may rain tomorrow = OR
It could rain tomorrow Maybe it will rain tomorrow
Chó ý:
Maybe lµ sù kÕt hîp cña may vµ be, nhng nã lµ mét tõ vµ kh«ng ph¶i lµ trî ®éng tõ. Nã ®ång nghÜa víi perhaps.
Mét sè vÝ dô vÒ Could, may, vµ might:
The president said that there might be a strike next month.
I don’t know what I’m doing tomorrow. I may go to the beach or I may stay home.
(Lu ý lµ ngêi Anh thêng nãi lµ stay at home nhng ngêi Mü l¹i nãi lµ stay home.)
It might be warmer tomorrow.
I may not be able to go with you tonight.
I don’t know where Jaime is. He could be at home.
Should
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Should + [Verb in simple form]
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NghÜa lµ :
- Nªn ( diÔn ®¹t mét lêi khuyªn, ®Ò nghÞ hoÆc b¾t buéc nhng kh«ng m¹nh l¾m)
- Cã khi - dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t mong muèn ®iÒu g× x¶y ra.
VÝ dô:
It should rain tomorrow ( I expect it to rain tomorrow)
My check should arrive next week. ( I expect it to arrive next week).
Lu ý:
- Had better, ought to, be supposed to nãi chung lµ ®ång nghÜa víi should víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ ®éng tõ to be ph¶i chia ë thêi hiÖn t¹i.
- be supposed to ngoµi nghÜa t¬ng ®¬ng víi should cßn mang nghÜa quy ®Þnh ph¶i, b¾t buéc ph¶i.
VÝ dô:
We are supposed to have a math test this afternoon, but it was postponed because the Professor had to attend a science conference.
( Theo quy ®Þnh lµ ....)
Must
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Must + [verb in simple form]
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NghÜa lµ :
- Ph¶i - b¾t buéc rÊt m¹nh (ngêi bÞ b¾t buéc kh«ng cã sù lùa chän nµo kh¸c)
VÝ dô:
One must endorse a check before one cashes it. (ngêi ta ph¶i ký sau tÊm sÐc tríc khi rót tiÒn).
George must call his insurance agent today.
A pharmacist must keep a record of the prescriptions that are filled.
An automobile must have gasoline to run.
An attorney must pass an examination before practising law.
This freezer must be kept at -200.
- H¼n lµ - diÔn ®¹t mét sù suy luËn cã logic dùa trªn nh÷ng hiÖn tîng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i.
VÝ dô:
John’s lights are out. He must be asleep.
(We assume that John is asleep because the lights are out.)
The grass is wet. It must be raining.
(We assume that it is raining because the grass is wet.)
Must ®îc thay thÕ b»ng have to trong nh÷ng trêng hîp sau ®©y
- §øng sau Will ë thêi t¬ng lai.
VÝ dô:
We will have to take a TOEFL test at the end of this year.
- Had to thay cho must ë qu¸ khø.
VÝ dô:
The teacher had to attend a science conference yesterday.
ë thêi hiÖn t¹i have to ®îc thay thÕ cho must khi:
Hái xem m×nh cã bÞ buéc ph¶i lµm ®iÒu g× kh«ng hoÆc diÔn ®¹t sù b¾t buéc do kh¸ch quan mang l¹i ®Ó lµm gi¶m nhÑ tÝnh b¾t buéc cña must.
VÝ dô:
Q : Do I have to leave a deposit?
A : No, you needn’t but you have to sign in this register, I’m sorry but that’s the rule.
C¸ch sö dông c¸c ®éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt ®Ó diÕn ®¹t c¸c tr¹ng th¸i ë thêi qu¸ khø.
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Could/ May/ might + have +P2 (cã lÏ ®·)
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ChØ mét kh¶ n¨ng ë qu¸ khø song ngêi nãi kh«ng d¸m ch¾c.
VÝ dô:
It might have rained last night, but I’m not sure.
(Cã lÏ ®ªm qua trêi ma)
The cause of death could have been bacteria.
(Nguyªn nh©n cña c¸i chÕt cã lÏ lµ do vi trïng)
John might have gone to the movies yesterday.
(Cã lÏ John ®· tíi r¹p chiÕu bãng ngµy h«m qua)
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Could + have +P2 (cã lÏ ®· cã thÓ - nhng thùc tÕ th× kh«ng)
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VÝ dô:
We could have solved this problem at that time (But we couldn’t in fact)
(LÏ ra lóc ®ã chóng t«i ®· cã thÓ gi¶i quyÕt ®îc vÊn ®Ò nµy.)
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Should + have + P2 (lÏ ra ph¶i, lÏ ra nªn - nhng thùc tÕ th× kh«ng)
Thµnh ng÷ nµy t¬ng ®¬ng víi Was / were / Supposed to.
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Must have P2 - H¼n lµ ®·
(ChØ sù suy luËn logic dùa trªn nh÷ng hiÖn tîng cã thËt trong qu¸ khø)
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VÝ dô:
Paul did so well in his speech today that he could have rehearsed it many times this past week.
(H«m nay Paul ®· cã lêi ph¸t biÓu rÊt hay, h¼n lµ tuÇn qua nã ®· diÔn tËp rÊt nhiÒu lÇn ).
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might have been verb+ ing - cã lÏ lóc Êy ®ang
(ChØ sù suy luËn logic dùa trªn nh÷ng hiÖn tîng cã thËt trong qu¸ khø)
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VÝ dô:
I didn’t hear the telephone ring, I might have been sleeping at that time.
I didn’t watch that scene on television, I might have been paying attention to the argument.
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must have been verb+ ing - ch¾c h¼n lóc Êy ®ang
(ChØ sù suy luËn logic dùa trªn nh÷ng hiÖn tîng cã thËt trong qu¸ khø)
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VÝ dô:
I didn’t hear you knock, I must have been sleeping at that time.
I didn’t see him this morning, he must have been working in the office.
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