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B. no one in a city has strict attitudes towards the behavior of others
C. views of what society was like in the past are often inaccurate
D. people in cities would like to have more in common with each other
44. The writer implies that new arrivals in a city may ______.
A. change the image they wish to have too frequently
B. underestimate the importance of wealth
C. acquire a certain image without understanding what that involves
D. decide that status is of little importance
45. What point does the writer make about city dwellers in the final paragraph?
A. They are unsure as to why certain things are popular with others.
B. They are aware that judgments are made about them according to what they buy.
C. They want to acquire more and more possessions.
D. They are keen on to be the first to appreciate new styles.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blacks from 46 to 55. ENGLISH SPELLING Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English was first written down when
Christian monks came to England in Anglo-Saxon (46)______. They used the 23 letters of Latin to write
down the sounds of Anglo-Saxon (47) ______ as they heard it. However, English has a wider range of
basic sounds (over 40) than Latin. The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letter were needed
to (48) ______ the different sounds. Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were
combined.
With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put at risk. English survived, but the
spelling of many English words changed to follow French (49)______, and many French words were (50)
______ into the language. The result was more irregularity.
When the printing press was invented in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke
other first languages. They (51) ______ little effort to respect English spelling. Although one of the short-
term (52) ______ of printing was to produce a number of variant spellings, in the long term it created
fixed spellings. People became used to seeing words spelt in the same way. Rules were (53)______ , and
dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could refer to. However, spoken English was not
fixed and continued to change slowly
– just as it still does now. Letters that were sounded in the Anglo-
Saxon period, like the “k” in “knife”, now became (54)______. Also, the pronunciation of vowels then
had little in common with how they sound now, but the
way they are spelt hasn’t changed. No
(55)______, then, that it is often difficult to see the link between sound and spelling.
46. A. times
B. centuries
C. ages
D. years
47. A. chat
B. communication
C. speech
D. discussion
48. A. explain
B. tell
C. perform
D. express
49. A. guides
B. plans
C. patterns
D. types
50. A. announced
B. found
C. started
D. introduced
51. A. made
B. did
C. brought
D. put
52. A. actions
B. effects
C. conclusions
D. meanings
53. A. handed out
B. filled in
C. got across
D. drawn up
54. A. dumb
B. quiet
C. speechless
D. silent
55. A. idea
B. wonder
C. problem
D. mention