Semantics: a coursebook, second edition
–16, 319, 322 equative sentence 42
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| 314–16, 319, 322
equative sentence 42, 53, 155–6 equivalence relation 223–4 experiencer 251–2 extension (of a predicate) 81–8, 90, 98–101, 103, 110–11, 159–60 felicity conditions 281–282–287, 293, 296 figurative language 97, 209, 327–40 Frege 34 fuzzy set 86–7 generic sentence 59–60, 148 gradable predicates (and gradable antonyms) 116, 125, 213–14, 231 grammar (inc. syntax) 147–8, 154, 158, 194, 228–30, 232–6, 247–52; see also adjectives; articles; conjunctions; nouns; prepositions; verbs Grice 324 hereby test (for performative verbs) 266–7 homonymy 130–2, 199 hyponymy 98, 109–11, 113–16, 206–11 identifying the referent of a referring expression 57–8, 66–7, 73–6 identity (relation) 42, 53–4, 155–7 idioms (inc. idiomatic and fixed expressions) 327–328–331 if see biconditional; conditional illocution 269–273–278, 281–7, 289–99, 303–11; see also direct illocution; indirect illocution immediate situation of utterance 72; see also deixis imperative sentences 22, 97, 269–71, 284 implicature 314–24 inchoative 231–232, 234, 237 incompatibility (multiple) 124–8 inde finiteness (and indefinite noun phrases) 37–8, 43, 57, 73–4 indirect illocution 289–291–299, 304–5, 307–8, 314 inference, logical rule of 149–50, 167–70, 172, 183–4, 188–90, 207 inference (general) 315–16 information (and informativeness) 4–5, 97, 220, 245, 318–22 instrument 245–246–257 interrogative sentences 22, 97, 269–71, 284 intransitive predicate 222–3 irre flexive predicate 221 lexical gap 229, 234 literal meaning 327 location 249–50, 253–7 logic 142–50, 152–61, 165–77, 181–90, 269 logical notation 146–8, 152–61, 246–7 logical vocabulary 144–5 material implication 188 maxims (of conversation) 318–22 Index 349 meaning postulate 206–15, 219, 238, 255 metaphor general 209, 327–331–337 ontological 336–8 orientational 335–6 structural 333–5 metonymy 338–40 modus ponens 149, 188 modus tollens 188 monosemy 132 morpheme 226–8 morphological rule 226, 228 morphology 226–38 name 144, 153, 156–8 natural class of predicates 198 natural kinds 86–7 necessary condition 99–101, 200 negation 97, 114–15, 126, 144–5, 181–5 non-literal meaning 327–40 not see negation nouns 9, 47, 53, 81 opacity (and opaque contexts) 40–2 or 169–72, 174 ostensive de finitions 89–90 paraphrase 108–9, 112–13, 128, 182 tải về 1.74 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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