Energy Potential of Agri Residual Biomass in Southeast Asia with the Focus on Vietnam
Figure 3. Distribution of sugar mills in Vietnam [57]. Figure 3
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- Điều hướng trang này:
- Red River Delta 105,757 Northern Midlands and Mountain Areas 2,105,331 Northern Central
- 3,335,210 South East 1,985,158 Province
- Gia Lai 2,577,719 Tien Giang 11,412 Tay Ninh 1,132,009
- Hau Giang 1,039,337 Nam Dinh 4278 Dien Bien 1368 Phu Yen 1,738,111 Soc Trang 843,587 Ninh Binh
- WHOLE COUNTRY 17,945,500
| Figure 3. Distribution of sugar mills in Vietnam [57].
Figure 3. Distribution of sugar mills in Vietnam [ 57 ]. Agronomy 2021, 11, 169 9 of 18 Table 4. Sugarcane production in Vietnam in 2018. Production of Sugarcane by Regions and Provinces (t) Region Red River Delta 105,757 Northern Midlands and Mountain Areas 2,105,331 Northern Central Area and Central Coastal Area 6,343,687 Central Highlands 3,942,434 Mekong River Delta 3,335,210 South East 1,985,158 Province Ha Noi 1751 Ha Giang 23,652 Thanh Hoa 1,700,627 Kon Tum 84,890 Long An 480,878 Binh Phuoc 6984 Ha Tay no data Cao Bang 227,336 Nghe An 1,517,114 Gia Lai 2,577,719 Tien Giang 11,412 Tay Ninh 1,132,009 Vinh Phuc 4050 Bac Kan 5711 Ha Tinh 8350 Dak Lak 1,251,331 Ben Tre 59,190 Binh Duong 23,791 Bac Ninh 676 Tuyen Quang 535,530 Quang Binh 3300 Dak Nong 4,740 Tra Vinh 454,484 Dong Nai 787,680 Quang Ninh 25,084 Lao Cai 9295 Quang Tri 2459 Lam Dong 23,754 Vinh Long 14,681 Ba Ria-Vung Tau 14,002 Hai Duong 2827 Yen Bai 12,333 Thua Thien-Hue 4789 Dong Thap 1994 Ho Chi Minh city 20,692 Hai Phong 3893 Thai Nguyen 9126 Da Nang no data An Giang 395 Hung Yen 45 Lang Son 8451 Quang Nam 9562 Kien Giang 367,307 Thai Binh 4747 Bac Giang 9946 Quang Ngai 166,183 Can Tho no data Ha Nam no data Phu Tho 18,553 Binh Dinh 66,787 Hau Giang 1,039,337 Nam Dinh 4278 Dien Bien 1368 Phu Yen 1,738,111 Soc Trang 843,587 Ninh Binh 58,406 Lai Chau 6358 Khanh Hoa 865,051 Bac Lieu 17,365 Son La 621,765 Ninh Thuan 201,300 Ca Mau 44,580 Hoa Binh 615,907 Binh Thuan 60,054 WHOLE COUNTRY 17,945,500 Note: Top 5 provinces by production ; Bold font—Top in a region; Source: Data from [ 11 , 38 ]. Agronomy 2021, 11, 169 10 of 18 Sugarcane produces two main types of residues: sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash. Bagasse represents up to 30% of sugarcane weight [ 18 ]. One way to use sugarcane bagasse is for energy production. Bagasse can be burned as raw material, with no specific processing. Very often, directly from the sugar mill, bagasse is fed into the boiler. However, in this case, its calorific value is very low [ 58 ]. By Brunerová et al. [ 59 ], bagasse in the form of briquettes presents a much better energy source with high calorific value and other positive indicators. Moreover, Bhattacharyya and Thang [ 55 ] have stated that improving heat and power production is an attractive option to meet energy demands in Vietnam. Furthermore, one solution is to enhance the energy production in sugar mills via an increase in the calorific value of processed bagasse (dried and transformed into briquettes). According to Kanwal et al. [ 60 ], the torrefaction of bagasse is also considered due to the improvement of energy production characteristics. Thus, the higher calorific value offers the opportunity to produce more energy than factories require, and the rest of the energy will be sold out. In terms of the entire sugar industry in Vietnam, this solution could help national energy security. The second residue is sugarcane trash, i.e., biomass, which is left on the field after harvesting, and it consists of green leaves, dry leaves, sheaths, tops, stalk fractions and physical mineral impurities [ 61 ]. The average production of sugarcane trash is estimated to be 14 tons per ha (20%) [ 62 ]. Normal practice is to windrow and burn this biomass in the field [ 36 ]. According to Rípoli et al. [ 33 ], the most promising usage of sugarcane trash is as a fuel for direct energy production or as a part of feedstock for second-generation biofuels. In addition, Nakashima et al. [ 63 ] highlighted that for the right and sustainable utilization of trash, appropriate handling at the beginning is always important. Hand-in-hand with the harvesting of the demanded crop, it is required to take proper care of trash, raking and baling, leading to a better collection of waste with low amounts of soil contaminants that can affect it as a source. These highlights the seeming underutilization of sugarcane trash as a potential energy source. 3.3. Evaluation of Fuel-Energy Properties of Tested Biomass Materials Table 5 summarizes the research results indicating the main properties of tested materials. tải về 1.15 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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