A survey on Iot security: Application Areas, Security Threats, and Solution Architectures
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| B. BENEFITS OF BLOCKCHAIN IN IOT
The usage of blockchain has many advantages in IoT appli- cations. Table 4 gives a summary of some specific challenges in IoT security and their possible solutions using blockchain. Various security issues faced by IoT applications have al- ready been discussed in Section III. The key benefits of using blockchain in IoT applications are discussed below. 1. Data coming from IoT devices can be stored in Blockchain: The IoT applications include a large va- riety of devices connected to each other. These devices are further connected and controlled by other devices. This setup is further connected to the cloud to enable IoT applications to be used from any location. Due to this large space for data movement, blockchain is a promising solution to store the data and prevent it from being misused. Irrespective of the layer in an IoT application, blockchain can act as a suitable solution to store and transmit data. 2. Distributed nature of blockchain allowing secure data storage: Since the blockchain architecture is distributed in nature, it can avoid the risk of being a single point of failure as is faced by various IoT applications based on the cloud. Irrespective of the distance between the devices, the data generated by them can be easily stored on the blockchain in a secure manner [112]. 3. Data encryption using the hash key and verified by miners: In blockchain, only the 256-bit hash key for the data can be stored, rather than storing the actual data. The actual data can be stored on the cloud and the hash key can be mapped with the original data. If there is any change in the data, the hash of the data will change. This makes the data secure and private. The size of blockchain will also not get affected by the size of the data as only the hash values are stored in the chain. Only the intended parties, who are authorized to use that data can access the data from the cloud using the hash of the data. Every set of data being stored on blockchain is properly verified by different miners in the network, and therefore the probability of storing corrupt data from the devices reduces by using blockchain as a solution. 4. Prevention from data loss and spoofing attacks: In spoofing attacks on IoT applications, a new adversary node enters into the IoT network and starts imitating to be the part of the original network. By spoofing, the 12 VOLUME x, 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924045, IEEE Access Vikas Hassija et al.: A Survey on IoT Security: Application Areas, Security Threats, and Solution Architectures adversary can easily capture, observe or inject data in the network. Blockchain acts as a promising solution to prevent such attacks. Each legitimate user or device is registered on blockchain, and devices can easily identify and authenticate each other without the need for central brokers or certification authorities [113]. Being low powered in nature, IoT devices inherit the risk of losing data. There might be cases where due to some external environmental issues the data is lost by both the sender and the receiver. Use of blockchain can prevent such losses as once the block is added in the chain there is no way to remove it [114]. 5. Blockchain to prevent unauthorized access: Many IoT applications involve a lot of frequent communi- cation between various nodes. The communication in blockchain takes place using the public and private keys, and therefore only the intended party or node can access the data. Even if the unintended party is able to access the data, the contents of the data will be incomprehensible as the data is encrypted with keys. Therefore, the blockchain data structure tries to handle various security issues faced by IoT applications. 6. Proxy-based architecture in blockchain for resource- constrained devices: Although blockchain provides various security features for a distributed environment, IoT has a specific challenge of resource constraints. Being highly resource-constrained, IoT devices cannot store large ledgers. There have been various works in this direction to facilitate the use of blockchain in IoT. Proxy-based architecture is one of the promising solutions that can help IoT devices to use blockchain. Proxy servers can be deployed in the network, to store the resources in an encrypted form. The encrypted resources can be downloaded by the client from the proxy servers [115]. 7. Elimination of centralized cloud servers: Blockchain can enhance the security of IoT systems because it ultimately eliminates the centralized cloud servers and makes the network peer-to-peer. Centralized cloud servers are the prime target of the data thieves. Using blockchain, the data will be distributed among all the nodes of the network and will be encrypted using a cryptographic hash function. tải về 6.16 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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