Integration of GIS and process models

Land evaluation – towards a revised framework
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other hand, process models are capable of describing and simulating multiple processes 
in time such as plant growth, pesticide leaching, erosion or hydrological balances. Most 
models have poor data input handling and presentation facilities. The new option of 
integrating GIS and process models combines the strength of spatial analysis with 
temporal simulations.
The application of a process model to assess environmental problems at a regional 
to continental scale may be very fruitful. Although at first sight this approach appears 
to be the most generally applicable, there are major problems of validation, and in 
particular in relating coarse-scale forecasts to available data, most of which are for small 
plots or point observations. Many of the most successful process models require more 
detailed distributed parameters and rainfall intensity data than are generally available, 
so that they cannot be applied without radical simplification. One important aspect of 
this problem is the need to develop models that can be used for validation at detailed 
scales and for forecasting at a coarse scale, so that cross-scale reconciliation is as explicit 
as possible. Nevertheless this approach has the potential to provide a rational physical 
basis to the combination of factors that can be derived from coarse-scale GIS, and 
overcome the difficulties about weighting and intercorrelation which are encountered 
in purely factor-based assessments.

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