Membrane Bioreactor (mbr) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology
Application and Cost Analysis of a Membrane Bioreactor
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TRICHLUCTHUADAT LIEN 1, TRICHLUCTHUADAT LIEN 1, TRICHLUCTHUADAT LIEN 1, TRICHLUCTHUADAT LIEN 1
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Application and Cost Analysis of a Membrane Bioreactor MBRs became commercially available more than 10 years ago, and their market has continued to grow. In the beginning of their application, the customers were put-off by the high-costs, appropriate operating skills, and high-level maintenance labor. However, the technology was improved, and now there are many manufacturers of MBRs, including Zenon Environmen- tal, Kubota, Ionics/Mitsubishi rayon, USFilter, Aqua-Aerobics7Pall and Norit X-flow. There are more than 2200 MBR installations in operation or under construction worldwide [270]. The main world MBR providers and character- istics of their systems are presented in Table 2. Kubota (Japan) has installed most of the world’s MBRs while Zenon (Canada) dominates in regard to installed capacity having almost four times more water treated through their membranes than Kubota [4]. Zenon has installed about 85% of North American installations, which comprise about 11 % of the world’s MBR market. Asian markets (mostly in Japan and South Korea) have employed MBR technology mostly for small-scale domestic ap- plications. In general, most of the MBRs in operation are medium or small- scale plants. More than 85% of Kubota’s MBRs have flows less than 200 m 3 d –1 while out of 219 MBR plants that treat municipal wastewater in North Amer- ica, only 17 exceed 10 000 m 3 d –1 . The largest capacity plant in operation is in North America (Traverse City, MI), which operates at 26 900 m 3 d –1 , while the largest MBR worldwide currently is in Kaarst, Germany (48 000 m 3 d –1 ) with total membrane area of 84 480 m 2 [4]. Both of these plants operate with Zenon Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology 91 Table 2 Comparison of the main MBR systems (adapted from Yang et al. [270]) Kubota (Japan) Mitsubishi-Rayon Zenon (Canada) (Japan) Number of 1538 (1138 + 400) 374 (170 + 204) 331 (204 + 127) installations a Membrane FS HF HF Configuration Vertical immersion Horizontal immersion Vertical immersion Pore size (µm) 0.4 0.1/0.4 0.04 Material Chlorinated PE PE PVDF Module size (m 2 ) 0.8 105 31.6 Cleaning method Relax Relax Backpulse and relax Cleaning frequency 1/60 2/12 0.5/15 (min/min) Recovery method Chlorine backwash Chlorine backwash Chemical soak a Municipal WWTPs + Industrial WWTPs membranes. Leading manufacturers have exponential growth in the number of installed MBRs and their cumulative capacity in the last decade. Although the market is still dominated by Zenon and Kubota, there is a wide range of MBR systems available, however most are still at the development stage. The photographs of typical Zenon and Kubota membranes are presented in Figs. 20 and 21, respectively. tải về 0.95 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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