Notes sept 14
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Upcoming Schedule: Test #1 and study guide update; Term paper proposal (research tips, topic tips, materials distributed)
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Writing Systems: Various systems; Chinese characters
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History: Few early records in Southeast Asia; spread of Indian culture; Chinese contact (tribute relations, southward migration by land, limited sea travel)
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Vietnamese: Historical background; Historical records and photos; Lexical evidence
Chinese Characters
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3,500 years old
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Standardized in the Qin into the Han dynasties (2,000 years ago)
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Spread throughout China (including non-Chinese), Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, particular from the Tang dynasty (1,200 years ago)
In 1070 CE, in Hanoi, the Van Mieu wen2 miao4 文廟“Temple literature” was established, a kind of university for the study of Chinese classical literature (e.g., preparing for the Chinese civil service exam).
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Experienced a movement toward “simplification” in the mid-20th century only in the PRC (and Singapore).
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Small percentage of “pictographs”
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Gloss__Character__Reading'>Gloss
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Character
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Reading
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“person”
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人
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Ren2
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“fire”
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火
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Huo3
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Mostly a combination of radicals that contribute something both meaning and/or sound.
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Gloss
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Character
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Reading
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Element
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“he”
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他
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Ta1
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人
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“burn”
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烧
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Shao1
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火
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青 [qing1] /9th of month (tele.)/blue-green/
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清 [qing1] /clear/istinct/complete/pure/
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蜻 [qing1] /dragonfly/
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鲭 [qing1] /mackerel/mullet/
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情 [qing2] /feeling/emotion/passion/situation/
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晴 [qing2] /clear/fine (weather)/
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请 [qing3] /to ask/to invite/please (do sth)/to treat (to a meal, etc)/to request/
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LANGUAGE
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MODERN
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SAMPLE
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ANCIENT
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Chinese
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Chinese script
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中国促请伊朗跟联合国合作 , 2006-09-14 4:25 pm, （综合讯）明报消息，中国外交部发言人秦刚，促请伊朗政府跟国际原子能机构合作，解决核问题。 秦刚指，透过协商和平解决问题，是最佳的选择。 《联合早报网》
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Japanese
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Chinese and kana (syllabary)
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以来、皆様の絶大なるご支援のもとに「スイッチの日開」として、現在は国内はもとより、広く欧米各国をはじめ世界各国において、ご愛顧いただいております。
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Chinese
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Korean
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Hangul (Korean alphabet), very limited use of Chinese
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이날 회담에서 전 청장이 미국의 NRP 제도가 매우 훌륭한 조사방식이라고 평가하자 에버슨 청장은 “한국의 청장이 어떻게 나보다 더 미국의 제도를 잘 아느냐”면서 고마워했다는 후문이다.
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Chinese
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Vietnamese
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Quoc Ngu (Roman alphabet)
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Sản xuất thuốc tiêm ức chế sự phát triển tế bào ung thư (14-9) Công ty cổ phần dược phẩm Vĩnh Phúc (Vinphaco) vừa công bố độc quyền sản xuất và phân phối trên toàn quốc sản phẩm thuốc tiêm Aslem 0,3mg/1ml, có chức năng tăng cường miễn dịch, ức chế sự phát triển của tế bào ung thư.
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Chinese, Chu Nom (Chinese-based for Vietnamese words)
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Thai
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Thai alphabet (Sanskrit)
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ตัวอักษรไทย รูปสระ วรรณยุกต์ ภาษาไทย
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Cambodian
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Cambodian alphabet (Sanskrit)
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ตัวอักษรไทย รูปสระ วรรณยุกต์ ภาษาไทย
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Indonesian
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Alphabet
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Orang-orang bijak tak banyak bicara. Setiap guratan huruf menjadi permata. Mereka inilah orang-orang yang menghayati betul fungsi bahasa.
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Hindi script
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Tagalog
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Alphabet
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(I-click ang link sa itaas at may separate window na lilitaw kung saan makikita ang listahan ng lahat ng translation tools na maaring magamit para sa dokumentong ito.)
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Southeast Asia
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Few early records in Southeast Asia
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Spread of Indian culture (Indo-China region)
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Chinese contact (tribute relations (e.g. Funan), southward migration by land (Qin/Han dynasty expansion), limited sea travel)
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Yue peoples in Southeastern China in 500 BCE (Tai? Hmong-Mien? Certainly Vietnamese)
Vietnam
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Pre-recorded history (beyond the tribal level, Yue group, an emerging civilization, most likely did not have writing, wet-rice agricultural techniques (rice surplus), most likely women had a substantially higher social status than they do now),
Lac Lords
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Contact with Chinese: Han dynasty, political domination, and migration of Chinese into Vietnam, both elite and soldiers, traders, and farmers.
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